{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T14:02:41Z","timestamp":1790517761517,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,1]],"date-time":"2017-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1485907200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    It has been hoped that the recent availability of WHO quantitative standards would improve interlaboratory agreement for viral load testing; however, insufficient data are available to evaluate whether this has been the case. Results from 554 laboratories participating in proficiency testing surveys for quantitative PCR assays of cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), BK virus (BKV), adenovirus (ADV), and human herpesvirus 6 (HHV6) were evaluated to determine overall result variability and then were stratified by assay manufacturer. The impact of calibration to international units\/ml (CMV and EBV) on variability was also determined. Viral loads showed a high degree of interlaboratory variability for all tested viruses, with interquartile ranges as high as 1.46 log\n                    <jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>\n                    copies\/ml and the overall range for a given sample up to 5.66 log\n                    <jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>\n                    copies\/ml. Some improvement in result variability was seen when international units were adopted. This was particularly the case for EBV viral load results. Variability in viral load results remains a challenge across all viruses tested here; introduction of international quantitative standards may help reduce variability and does so more or less markedly for certain viruses.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.02044-16","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,16]],"date-time":"2016-11-16T23:10:30Z","timestamp":1479337830000},"page":"423-430","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":106,"title":["Progress in Quantitative Viral Load Testing: Variability and Impact of the WHO Quantitative International Standards"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"R. T.","family":"Hayden","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Y.","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G. W.","family":"Procop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D. R.","family":"Hillyard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8751-4810","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"B. A.","family":"Pinsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pathology and Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. A.","family":"Young","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA"},{"name":"TriCore Reference Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. M.","family":"Caliendo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2353\/jmoldx.2010.090067"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01287-11"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01252-07"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00258-08"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2008.02513.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","volume-title":"NIBSC code 09\/260","author":"WHO","year":"2013","unstructured":"WHO. 2013. 1st WHO international standard for Epstein-Barr virus for nucleic acid amplification techniques. NIBSC code 09\/260. National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","volume-title":"NIBSC code 14\/212","author":"WHO","year":"2016","unstructured":"WHO. 2016. 1st WHO international standard for BK virus DNA. NIBSC code 14\/212. National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","volume-title":"Collaborative study to evaluate the proposed 1st WHO international standard for human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) for nucleic acid amplification (NAT)-based assays","author":"Fryer JF","year":"2010","unstructured":"Fryer JF Heath AB Anderson R Minor PD , Collaborative Study Group. 2010, posting date. Collaborative study to evaluate the proposed 1st WHO international standard for human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) for nucleic acid amplification (NAT)-based assays. WHO Expert Committee on Biological Standardization, Geneva, Switzerland. http:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/handle\/10665\/70521."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.03375-14"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2009.124743"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2013-0065"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","first-page":"95","article-title":"Harmonisation of measurement procedures: how do we get it done?","volume":"33","author":"Gantzer ML","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gantzer ML Miller WG . 2012. Harmonisation of measurement procedures: how do we get it done?Clin Biochem Rev33:95\u2013100.","journal-title":"Clin Biochem Rev"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","first-page":"139","article-title":"Reference materials and commutability","volume":"28","author":"Vesper HW","year":"2007","unstructured":"Vesper HW Miller WG Myers GL . 2007. Reference materials and commutability. Clin Biochem Rev28:139\u2013147.","journal-title":"Clin Biochem Rev"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02036-13"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01676-14"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01495-15"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/erm.11.50"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cis212"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","first-page":"278","volume-title":"Contributions to probability and statistics: essays in honor of Harold Hotelling","author":"Levene H","year":"1960","unstructured":"Levene H . 1960. Robust tests for equality of variances, p 278\u2013292. InOlkinI (ed), Contributions to probability and statistics: essays in honor of Harold Hotelling. Stanford University Press, Palo Alto, CA."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/38.3-4.330"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/JCM.02044-16","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/JCM.02044-16","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,5]],"date-time":"2022-03-05T03:49:35Z","timestamp":1646452175000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/JCM.02044-16"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"A. J.","family":"McAdam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/JCM.02044-16"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jcm.02044-16","relation":{},"ISSN":["0095-1137","1098-660X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0095-1137","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-660X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2016-10-05","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2016-11-14","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2017-01-25","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}