{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T20:08:51Z","timestamp":1773864531717,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,1]],"date-time":"2011-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1298937600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>The major routes of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in Japan has been mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) and blood transfusion. However, HBV cases transmitted through sexual contact are increasing, especially among HIV-1-seropositive patients. To understand the molecular epidemiology of HBV in HBV\/HIV-1 coinfection, we analyzed HBV genotypes and HIV-1 subtypes in HBV\/HIV-1-coinfected patients at Nagoya Medical Center from 2003 to 2007. Among 394 HIV-1-infected Japanese men having sex with men (MSM) who were newly diagnosed during the study period, 31 (7.9%) tested positive for the hepatitis B virus surface antigen. HBV sequence analyses were successful in 26 cases, with 21 (80.7%) and 5 (19.3%) cases determined as genotypes A and C, respectively. Our finding that HBV genotype A was dominant in HIV-1-seropositive patients alerts clinicians to an alternative outbreak of HBV genotype A in the HIV-1-infected MSM population and a shift in HBV genotype from C to A in Japan. The narrow genetic diversity in genotype A cases suggests that genotype A has been recently introduced into the MSM population and that sexual contacts among MSM were more active than speculated from HIV-1 tree analyses. In addition, we found a lamivudine resistance mutation in one na\u00efve case, suggesting a risk of drug-resistant HBV transmission. As genotype A infection has a higher risk than infection with other genotypes for individuals to become HBV carriers, prevention programs are urgently needed for the target population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.02149-10","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,20]],"date-time":"2011-01-20T03:27:24Z","timestamp":1295494044000},"page":"1017-1024","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Outbreak of Infections by Hepatitis B Virus Genotype A and Transmission of Genetic Drug Resistance in Patients Coinfected with HIV-1 in Japan"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Seiichiro","family":"Fujisaki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization, Nagoya Medical Center, Nagoya, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoshiyuki","family":"Yokomaku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization, Nagoya Medical Center, Nagoya, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Teiichiro","family":"Shiino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomohiko","family":"Koibuchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Junko","family":"Hattori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization, Nagoya Medical Center, Nagoya, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shiro","family":"Ibe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization, Nagoya Medical Center, Nagoya, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yasumasa","family":"Iwatani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization, Nagoya Medical Center, Nagoya, Japan"},{"name":"Department of AIDS Research, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aikichi","family":"Iwamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takuma","family":"Shirasaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AIDS Medical Center, National Hospital Organization, Osaka National Hospital, Osaka, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Motohiro","family":"Hamaguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aichi Blood Center, Japanese Red Cross Society, Nagoya, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wataru","family":"Sugiura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization, Nagoya Medical Center, Nagoya, Japan"},{"name":"Department of AIDS Research, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510270628"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(03)00939-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.0040088"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2148-7-214"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2006.11.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.72.5.3773-3778.1998"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","first-page":"138","article-title":"Update of the drug resistance mutations in HIV-1: December 2009","volume":"17","author":"Johnson V. 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