{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T05:06:27Z","timestamp":1773291987287,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,1]],"date-time":"2017-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1485907200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response","award":["U3R2015002863"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U3R2015002863"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>In response to the Ebola outbreak in 2014, many hospitals designated specific areas to care for patients with Ebola and other highly infectious diseases. The safe handling of category A infectious substances is a unique challenge in this environment. One solution is on-site waste treatment with a steam sterilizer or autoclave. The Johns Hopkins Hospital (JHH) installed two pass-through autoclaves in its biocontainment unit (BCU). The JHH BCU and The Johns Hopkins biosafety level 3 (BSL-3) clinical microbiology laboratory designed and validated waste-handling protocols with simulated patient trash to ensure adequate sterilization. The results of the validation process revealed that autoclave factory default settings are potentially ineffective for certain types of medical waste and highlighted the critical role of waste packaging in successful sterilization. The lessons learned from the JHH validation process can inform the design of waste management protocols to ensure effective treatment of highly infectious medical waste.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.02161-16","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,8]],"date-time":"2016-12-08T03:00:43Z","timestamp":1481166043000},"page":"545-551","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Validation of Autoclave Protocols for Successful Decontamination of Category A Medical Waste Generated from Care of Patients with Serious Communicable Diseases"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"55","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8632-5567","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brian T.","family":"Garibaldi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mallory","family":"Reimers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Neysa","family":"Ernst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gregory","family":"Bova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elaine","family":"Nowakowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Bukowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brandon C.","family":"Ellis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chris","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lauren","family":"Sauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins Office of Critical Event Preparedness and Response, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kim","family":"Dionne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karen C.","family":"Carroll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lisa L.","family":"Maragakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicole M.","family":"Parrish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1603.091485"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/bsp.2006.4.351"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000000935"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","volume-title":"Interim guidance for preparing Ebola treatment centers","year":"2014","unstructured":". 2014. 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Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA. http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/vhf\/ebola\/healthcare-us\/cleaning\/waste-management.html. Accessed 1 September 2016."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","volume-title":"Safe handling, treatment, transport and disposal of Ebola-contaminated waste","year":"2014","unstructured":". 2014. Safe handling, treatment, transport and disposal of Ebola-contaminated waste. Occupational Safety and Health Administration, Washington, DC. https:\/\/www.osha.gov\/Publications\/OSHA_FS-3766.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2015.03.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2014.10.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0000000000000176"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","volume-title":"Transporting infectious substances safely","year":"2006","unstructured":". 2006. Transporting infectious substances safely. U.S. Department of Transportation, Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration, Washington, DC. http:\/\/www.phmsa.dot.gov\/staticfiles\/PHMSA\/Hazmat\/digipak\/pdfs\/publications\/infect_sub.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","volume-title":"Biosafety in microbiological and biomedical laboratories","author":"Chosewood LC","year":"2009","unstructured":"Chosewood LC Wilson DE . 2009. Biosafety in microbiological and biomedical laboratories. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, DC. http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/biosafety\/publications\/bmbl5\/BMBL.pdf."}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/JCM.02161-16","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/JCM.02161-16","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,5]],"date-time":"2022-03-05T08:48:00Z","timestamp":1646470080000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/JCM.02161-16"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Alexander J.","family":"McAdam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/JCM.02161-16"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jcm.02161-16","relation":{},"ISSN":["0095-1137","1098-660X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0095-1137","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-660X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2016-10-25","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2016-11-28","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2017-01-25","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}