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The \u03b2-hemolysin\/cytolysin (\u03b2-h\/c), which is always associated with the production of an orange-to-red pigment, is a major virulence factor that is also used for GBS diagnosis. A collection of 1,776 independent clinical GBS strains isolated in France between 2006 and 2013 was evaluated on specific medium for \u03b2-h\/c activity and pigment production. The genomic sequences of nonhemolytic and nonpigmented (NH\/NP) strains were analyzed to identify the molecular basis of this phenotype. Gene deletions or complementations were carried out to confirm the genotype-phenotype association. Sixty-three GBS strains (3.5%) were NH\/NP, and 47 of these (74.6%) originated from invasive infections, including bacteremia and meningitis, in neonates or adults. The mutations are localized predominantly in the\n            <jats:italic>cyl<\/jats:italic>\n            operon, encoding the \u03b2-h\/c pigment biosynthetic pathway and, in the\n            <jats:italic>abx1<\/jats:italic>\n            gene, encoding a CovSR regulator partner. In conclusion, although usually associated with GBS virulence, \u03b2-h\/c pigment production is not absolutely required to cause human invasive infections. Caution should therefore be taken in the use of hemolysis and pigmentation as criteria for GBS diagnosis in routine clinical laboratory settings.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.02177-15","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,22]],"date-time":"2015-10-22T15:02:03Z","timestamp":1445526123000},"page":"75-82","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Molecular Characterization of Nonhemolytic and Nonpigmented Group B Streptococci Responsible for Human Invasive Infections"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Anne","family":"Six","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM U 1016, Institut Cochin, Team Barriers and Pathogens, Paris, France"},{"name":"CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris, Paris, France"},{"name":"DHU Risques et Grossesse, Assistance Publique H\u00f4pitaux de Paris, Paris, 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