{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,18]],"date-time":"2026-07-18T02:31:12Z","timestamp":1784341872171,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,1]],"date-time":"2017-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1488326400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Defense Threat Reduction Agency, Joint Science and Technology Office","award":["HDTRA1213740"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HDTRA1213740"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            During high-impact events involving\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Bacillus anthracis<\/jats:named-content>\n            , such as the Amerithrax incident of 2001 or the anthrax outbreaks in Russia and Sweden in 2016, critical decisions to reduce morbidity and mortality include rapid selection and distribution of effective antimicrobial agents for treatment and postexposure prophylaxis. Detection of antimicrobial resistance currently relies on a conventional broth microdilution method that requires a 16- to 20-h incubation time for\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">B. anthracis<\/jats:named-content>\n            . Advances in high-resolution optical screening offer a new technology to more rapidly evaluate antimicrobial susceptibility and to simultaneously assess the growth characteristics of an isolate. Herein, we describe a new method developed and evaluated as a rapid antimicrobial susceptibility test for\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">B. anthracis<\/jats:named-content>\n            . This method is based on automated digital time-lapse microscopy to observe the growth and morphological effects of relevant antibiotics with an optical screening instrument, the oCelloScope.\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">B. anthracis<\/jats:named-content>\n            strains were monitored over time in the presence or absence of penicillin, ciprofloxacin, or doxycycline. Susceptibility to each antibiotic was determined in \u22644 h, 75 to 80% less than the time required for conventional methods. Time-lapse video imaging compiled from the optical screening images revealed unexpected differences in growth characteristics among strains of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">B. anthracis<\/jats:named-content>\n            , which is considered to be a clonal organism. This technology provides a new approach for rapidly detecting phenotypic antimicrobial resistance and for documenting growth attributes that may be beneficial in the further characterization of individual strains.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.02209-16","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,5]],"date-time":"2017-01-05T02:40:28Z","timestamp":1483584028000},"page":"959-970","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Optical Screening for Rapid Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing and for Observation of Phenotypic Diversity among Strains of the Genetically Clonal Species Bacillus anthracis"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Heather P.","family":"McLaughlin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biodefense Research and Development Laboratory, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy S.","family":"Gargis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biodefense Research and Development Laboratory, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierre","family":"Michel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biodefense Research and Development Laboratory, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Sue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biodefense Research and Development Laboratory, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda M.","family":"Weigel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biodefense Research and Development Laboratory, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0810.020353"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.33.7.1847-1850.1995"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.179.3.818-824.1997"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0403844101"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0000461"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.182.10.2928-2936.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-15-288"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.38.10.3780-3784.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-micro-091014-104523"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/hs.2015.0033"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00691-09"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.46.12.3843-3845.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-8579(01)00464-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkm213"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-139-3-601"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.47.7.2362-2365.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","first-page":"31","article-title":"Comparison of therapeutic effects of antibiotics of the tetracycline group in the treatment of anthrax caused by a strain inheriting tet-gene of plasmid pBC16","volume":"37","author":"Pomerantsev AP","year":"1992","unstructured":"Pomerantsev AP Shishkova NA Marinin LI . 1992. 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