{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:32:20Z","timestamp":1787016740137,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,1]],"date-time":"2006-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1154390400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Molecular typing, added to epidemiological data, can better identify transmission patterns of gonorrhea in Western countries, where the incidence has recently been rising. From September 2002 to September 2003, patients with a laboratory-confirmed diagnosis of gonorrhea at the Clinic for Sexually Transmitted Infections in Amsterdam, The Netherlands, were subjected to a questionnaire pertaining to sexual risk behavior and sexual partners in the 6 months prior to the diagnosis. The\n                    <jats:italic>Neisseria gonorrhoeae<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates were all genotyped using PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism of the porin and opacity genes. All patients with a completed questionnaire and genotyped isolates were included in the study. We obtained 885\n                    <jats:italic>N. gonorrhoeae<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates from 696 patients that revealed 88 clusters and 46 unique genotypes. Patients infected at multiple anatomical sites with one or more strains and patients infected several times during the study period were shown to pursue high-risk sexual behavior and were considered core groups. There were 11 clusters of \u226520 patients; in seven clusters, 81% to 100% of patients were men who have sex with men (MSM), three clusters contained 87 to 100% heterosexual men and women, and one cluster was formed by equal proportions of MSM and heterosexual male and female patients. However, the various clusters differed in characteristics such as types of coinfections, numbers of sexual partners, Internet use to seek sexual partners, and locations of sexual encounters. Molecular epidemiology of gonococcal isolates in Amsterdam revealed core groups and clusters of MSM and heterosexual patients that probably indicate distinct transmission networks.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.02311-05","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,4]],"date-time":"2006-08-04T21:54:18Z","timestamp":1154728458000},"page":"2689-2697","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Molecular Epidemiology of\n                    <i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae<\/i>\n                    in Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Shows Distinct Heterosexual and Homosexual Networks"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Marion-Elie\u0308tte","family":"Kolader","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"STI Clinic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole H. T. M.","family":"Dukers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research"},{"name":"Department of Human Retrovirology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akke K.","family":"van der Bij","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mirjam","family":"Dierdorp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Laboratory, Cluster of Infectious Diseases, Health Service of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johan S. A.","family":"Fennema","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"STI Clinic"},{"name":"Department of Research"},{"name":"Public Health Laboratory, Cluster of Infectious Diseases, Health Service of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roel A.","family":"Coutinho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Retrovirology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sylvia M.","family":"Bruisten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Laboratory, Cluster of Infectious Diseases, Health Service of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Human Retrovirology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.1991.tb00813.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2003.007187"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","first-page":"602","volume":"144","year":"2000","unstructured":"Fennema, J. S., I. Cairo, and R. A. Coutinho. 2000. Substantial increase in gonorrhea and syphilis among clients of Amsterdam Sexually Transmitted Diseases Clinic. Ned. Tijdschr. Geneeskd.144:602-603. (In Dutch.)","journal-title":"Ned. Tijdschr. Geneeskd."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2004.009415"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007435-199611000-00011"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2003.006775"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","unstructured":"Isenberg H. D. (ed.). 1992. Clinical microbiology procedures handbook. American Society for Microbiology Washington D.C."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","first-page":"2129","volume":"148","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kolader, M., P. G. Peerbooms, P. C. Vader, J. E. van Bergen, J. S. Fennema, and H. J. de Vries. 2004. The rise in fluoroquinolone-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae among people attending the Municipal Health Service's clinic for sexually transmitted diseases in Amsterdam, The Netherlands; cefotaxime now first-choice treatment for uncomplicated gonorrhoea. Ned. Tijdschr. Geneeskd.148:2129-2132. (In Dutch.)","journal-title":"Ned. Tijdschr. 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