{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T07:04:18Z","timestamp":1791097458563,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,1]],"date-time":"2014-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1388534400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            This study describes the prevalence and genotype distribution of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Pneumocystis jirovecii<\/jats:named-content>\n            obtained from nasopharyngeal (NP) swabs from immunocompetent Cuban infants and toddlers with whooping cough (WC). A total of 163 NP swabs from 163 young Cuban children with WC who were admitted to the respiratory care units at two pediatric centers were studied. The prevalence of the organism was determined by a quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay targeting the\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">P. jirovecii<\/jats:named-content>\n            mitochondrial large subunit (mtLSU) rRNA gene. Genotypes were identified by direct sequencing of mtLSU ribosomal DNA (rDNA) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of the dihydropteroate synthase (DHPS) gene amplicons. qPCR detected\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">P. jirovecii<\/jats:named-content>\n            DNA in 48\/163 (29.4%) samples. mtLSU rDNA sequence analysis revealed the presence of three different genotypes in the population. Genotype 2 was most common (48%), followed in prevalence by genotypes 1 (23%) and 3 (19%); mixed-genotype infections were seen in 10% of the cases. RFLP analysis of DHPS PCR products revealed four genotypes, 18% of which were associated with resistance to sulfa drugs. Only contact with coughers (prevalence ratio [PR], 3.51 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.79 to 6.87];\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            = 0.000) and exposure to tobacco smoke (PR, 1.82 [95% CI, 1.14 to 2.92];\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            = 0.009) were statistically associated with being colonized by\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">P. jirovecii<\/jats:named-content>\n            . The prevalence of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">P. jirovecii<\/jats:named-content>\n            in infants and toddlers with WC and the genotyping results provide evidence that this population represents a potential reservoir and transmission source of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">P. jirovecii<\/jats:named-content>\n            .\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.02381-13","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,17]],"date-time":"2013-10-17T03:06:17Z","timestamp":1381979177000},"page":"45-51","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Prevalence and Genotype Distribution of Pneumocystis jirovecii in Cuban Infants and Toddlers with Whooping Cough"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"Ernesto X.","family":"Monroy-Vaca","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bacteriology and Mycology, Institute of Tropical Medicine Pedro Kour\u00ed, Havana, Cuba"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaxsier","family":"de Armas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bacteriology and Mycology, Institute of Tropical Medicine Pedro Kour\u00ed, Havana, Cuba"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda T.","family":"Illnait-Zaragoz\u00ed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bacteriology and Mycology, Institute of Tropical Medicine Pedro Kour\u00ed, Havana, Cuba"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gilda","family":"Tora\u00f1o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bacteriology and Mycology, Institute of Tropical Medicine Pedro Kour\u00ed, Havana, Cuba"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ra\u00fal","family":"Diaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bacteriology and Mycology, Institute of Tropical Medicine Pedro Kour\u00ed, Havana, Cuba"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dania","family":"Vega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Hospital Juan Manuel M\u00e1rquez, Havana, Cuba"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ileana","family":"Alvarez-Lam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Hospital William Soler, Havana, Cuba"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enrique J.","family":"Calder\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla and CIBER de Epidemiolog\u00eda y Salud P\u00fablica, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Roc\u00edo, Seville, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christen R.","family":"Stensvold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Mycology and Parasitology, Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/eri.13.41"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00222615-47-4-329"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00013-12"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2005.06.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2009.02.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0047711"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2009.12.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02303-10"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/2010173219"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1550-7408.2001.tb00479.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cis870"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","volume-title":"Publication WHO\/V&B\/03.01","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2003","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 2003. 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