{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T14:35:49Z","timestamp":1787668549576,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,1]],"date-time":"2010-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1272672000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    It is uncertain which methods for the diagnosis of rectal gonococcal and chlamydial infection are optimal. This study evaluated the performance of culture and nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) for rectal chlamydial and gonococcal diagnosis. From July 2003 until February 2007, 441 rectal test sets were collected from individuals attending a sexually transmitted disease clinic and three HIV clinics who gave a history of anal intercourse or were women at high risk for\n                    <jats:italic>Neisseria gonorrhoeae<\/jats:italic>\n                    or\n                    <jats:italic>Chlamydia trachomatis<\/jats:italic>\n                    infections. Rectal swab specimens were tested using culture and commercial NAATs employing transcription-mediated amplification (TMA), strand displacement amplification (SDA), and PCR amplification. Test performance was evaluated using a rotating standard by which patients were classified as infected if either two or three comparator tests were positive. Test sensitivities for the detection of\n                    <jats:italic>N. gonorrhoeae<\/jats:italic>\n                    ranged from 66.7% to 71.9% for culture to 100% for TMA. Specificities were 99.7% to 100% for culture and greater than 95.5% for all three NAATs. Test sensitivities for\n                    <jats:italic>C. trachomatis<\/jats:italic>\n                    ranged from 36.1% to 45.7% for culture and among NAATS from 91.4% to 95.8% for PCR to 100% for TMA. Specificities of the NAATs ranged from 95.6% to 98.5% (two-of-three standard) and from 88.8% to 91.8% (three-of-three standard). Over 60% and 80% of gonococcal and chlamydial infections, respectively, among men who have sex with men and over 20% of chlamydial infections in women would have been missed if the rectal site had not been tested. Currently available NAATs are more sensitive for the detection of chlamydial and gonococcal infection at the rectal site than is culture.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.02398-09","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,24]],"date-time":"2010-03-24T23:25:10Z","timestamp":1269473110000},"page":"1827-1832","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":151,"title":["Nucleic Acid Amplification Tests for Diagnosis of\n                    <i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae<\/i>\n                    and\n                    <i>Chlamydia trachomatis<\/i>\n                    Rectal Infections"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Laura H.","family":"Bachmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Birmingham, Alabama"},{"name":"The University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Public Health, Birmingham, Alabama"},{"name":"The Birmingham Veterans Administration Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert E.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Public Health, Birmingham, Alabama"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauri","family":"Markowitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John R.","family":"Papp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Frank J.","family":"Palella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Chicago, Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"III","given":"Edward W.","family":"Hook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Birmingham, Alabama"},{"name":"The University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Public Health, Birmingham, Alabama"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","first-page":"716","volume":"58","year":"2009","unstructured":"Anonymous. 2009. Clinic-based testing for rectal and pharyngeal Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis infections by community-based organizations\u2014five cities, United States, 2007. MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep.58:716-719.","journal-title":"MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01581-08"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.26.3.493-497.1988"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e3181901ccf"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.36.2.375-381.1998"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e318177ec70"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0258(19970630)16:12<1391::AID-SIM636>3.0.CO;2-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.38.12.4382-4386.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-102-6-757"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/430704"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/522867"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.10.4749-4758.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","first-page":"1","volume":"15","year":"2005","unstructured":"Mosher, W. D., A. Chandra, and J. Jones. 2005. Sexual behavior and selected health measures: men and women 15-44 years of age, United States, 2002. Adv. Data15:1-55.","journal-title":"Adv. Data"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e31817bdd7e"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","first-page":"407","year":"1999","unstructured":"Stamm, W. E. 1999. Chlamydia trachomatis infections of the adult, p. 407-422. In K. K. Holmes, P.-A. M\u00e5rdh, P. F. Sparling, S. M. Lemon, W. E. Stamm, and P. Piot (ed.), Sexually transmitted diseases. McGraw-Hill, New York, NY.","journal-title":"Sexually transmitted diseases"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","first-page":"1","volume":"55","year":"2006","unstructured":"Workowski, K. A., and S. M. Berman. 2006. Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines, 2006. MMWR Recomm. Rep.55:1-94.","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm. Rep."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1993.03510170061031"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/JCM.02398-09","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/JCM.02398-09","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,5]],"date-time":"2022-03-05T03:45:39Z","timestamp":1646451939000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/JCM.02398-09"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,5]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/JCM.02398-09"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jcm.02398-09","relation":{},"ISSN":["0095-1137","1098-660X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0095-1137","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-660X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2009-12-08","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2010-03-16","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2010-05-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}