{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T14:28:55Z","timestamp":1791296935417,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,1]],"date-time":"2013-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1359676800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Strain comparison is important to population genetics and to evaluate relapses in patients with\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Mycobacterium avium<\/jats:named-content>\n            complex (MAC) lung disease, but the \u201cgold standard\u201d of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) is time-consuming and complex. We used variable-number tandem repeats (VNTR) for fingerprinting of respiratory isolates of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">M. intracellulare<\/jats:named-content>\n            from patients with underlying bronchiectasis, to establish a nonsequence-based database for population analysis. Different genotypes identified by PFGE underwent species identification using a 16S rRNA gene multiplex PCR. Genotypes of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">M. intracellulare<\/jats:named-content>\n            were confirmed by internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) sequencing and characterized using seven VNTR primers. The pattern of VNTR amplicon sizes and repeat number defined each specific VNTR type. Forty-two VNTR types were identified among 84 genotypes. PFGE revealed most isolates with the same VNTR type to be clonal or exhibit similar grouping of bands. Repetitive sequence-based PCR (rep-PCR) showed minimal pattern diversity between VNTR types compared to PFGE. Fingerprinting of relapse isolates from 31 treated patients using VNTR combined with 16S multiplex PCR unambiguously and reliably distinguished different genotypes from the same patient, with results comparable to those of PFGE. VNTR for strain comparison is easier and faster than PFGE, is as accurate as PFGE, and does not require sequencing. Starting with a collection of 167\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">M. intracellulare<\/jats:named-content>\n            isolates, VNTR distinguished\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">M. intracellulare<\/jats:named-content>\n            into 42 clonal groups. Comparison of isolates from different geographic areas, habitats, and clinical settings is now possible.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.02443-12","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,23]],"date-time":"2012-11-23T03:50:19Z","timestamp":1353642619000},"page":"409-416","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Mycobacterial Interspersed Repetitive-Unit\u2013Variable-Number Tandem-Repeat (MIRU-VNTR) Genotyping of Mycobacterium intracellulare for Strain Comparison with Establishment of a PCR-Based Database"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Elena","family":"Iakhiaeva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mycobacteria\/Nocardia Laboratory, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven","family":"McNulty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mycobacteria\/Nocardia Laboratory, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara A.","family":"Brown Elliott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mycobacteria\/Nocardia Laboratory, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"III","given":"Joseph O.","family":"Falkinham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Myra D.","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ravikiran","family":"Vasireddy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mycobacteria\/Nocardia Laboratory, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca W.","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mycobacteria\/Nocardia Laboratory, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Turenne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Saskatchewan Disease Control Laboratory, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Richard J.","family":"Wallace","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mycobacteria\/Nocardia Laboratory, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00295-12"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00365-12"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00471-12"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/341207"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.158.4.9712098"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"FalkinhamJO. 2011. Nontuberculous mycobacteria from household plumbing of patients with nontuberculous mycobacteria disease. Emerg. Infect. 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