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The base substitution sites deduced from the BgK<jats:sub>L<\/jats:sub>multiple RFLP variations were mapped to the U<jats:sub>L<\/jats:sub>12 (DNase), R<jats:sub>L<\/jats:sub>2 (\u03b10 transactivator), and latency-associated transcript genes in the present study. The results show that the relative frequencies (RFs) of BgK<jats:sub>L<\/jats:sub>are significantly higher in orolabial and cutaneous HSV-1 infections than in ocular infections. For the BgO<jats:sub>L<\/jats:sub>variant, the opposite was found; i.e., the RF of BgO<jats:sub>L<\/jats:sub>was significantly lower in orolabial and cutaneous infections than in ocular infections. No significant differences in the RFs of non-BgK<jats:sub>L<\/jats:sub>:non-BgO<jats:sub>L<\/jats:sub>isolates were observed. The ratio of the BgK<jats:sub>L<\/jats:sub>RF to the BgO<jats:sub>L<\/jats:sub>RF was much higher for the orolabial and cutaneous infection groups than for the ocular infection group, whereas the BgK<jats:sub>L<\/jats:sub>RF-to-non-BgK<jats:sub>L<\/jats:sub>:non-BgO<jats:sub>L<\/jats:sub>RF ratios for the former groups were slightly higher than those for the latter group. The higher efficiency of orolabial and cutaneous infections caused by BgK<jats:sub>L<\/jats:sub>compared to the efficiency of infections caused by BgO<jats:sub>L<\/jats:sub>allows BgK<jats:sub>L<\/jats:sub>to spread more efficiently in human populations and to displace BgO<jats:sub>L<\/jats:sub>, because the mouth and lips are the most common HSV-1 infection sites in children. The present study supports our HSV-1 dispersion-and-replacement hypothesis and suggests that HSV-1, the latency-reactivation of which allows variants to accumulate in human populations, has evolved under competitive conditions, providing a new perspective on the polymorphism or variation of HSV-1.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.02472-06","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,5,3]],"date-time":"2007-05-03T15:56:33Z","timestamp":1178207793000},"page":"2183-2190","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 BgK<sub>L<\/sub>Variant, Unlike the BgO<sub>L<\/sub>Variant, Shows a Higher Association with Orolabial Infection than with Infections at Other Sites, Supporting the Variant-Dispersion-Replacement Hypothesis"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Shigeru","family":"Ozawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Herpesvirus 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