{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,17]],"date-time":"2024-05-17T17:38:38Z","timestamp":1715967518789},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,1]],"date-time":"2015-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1422748800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            This study presents a DNA microarray-based assay for fast and simple PCR ribotyping of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Clostridium difficile<\/jats:named-content>\n            strains. Hybridization probes were designed to query the modularly structured intergenic spacer region (ISR), which is also the template for conventional and PCR ribotyping with subsequent capillary gel electrophoresis (seq-PCR) ribotyping. The probes were derived from sequences available in GenBank as well as from theoretical ISR module combinations. A database of reference hybridization patterns was set up from a collection of 142 well-characterized\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. difficile<\/jats:named-content>\n            isolates representing 48 seq-PCR ribotypes. The reference hybridization patterns calculated by the arithmetic mean were compared using a similarity matrix analysis. The 48 investigated seq-PCR ribotypes revealed 27 array profiles that were clearly distinguishable. The most frequent human-pathogenic ribotypes 001, 014\/020, 027, and 078\/126 were discriminated by the microarray.\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. difficile<\/jats:named-content>\n            strains related to 078\/126 (033, 045\/FLI01, 078, 126, 126\/FLI01, 413, 413\/FLI01, 598, 620, 652, and 660) and 014\/020 (014, 020, and 449) showed similar hybridization patterns, confirming their genetic relatedness, which was previously reported. A panel of 50\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. difficile<\/jats:named-content>\n            field isolates was tested by seq-PCR ribotyping and the DNA microarray-based assay in parallel. Taking into account that the current version of the microarray does not discriminate some closely related seq-PCR ribotypes, all isolates were typed correctly. Moreover, seq-PCR ribotypes without reference profiles available in the database (ribotype 009 and 5 new types) were correctly recognized as new ribotypes, confirming the performance and expansion potential of the microarray.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.02524-14","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,20]],"date-time":"2014-11-20T06:47:16Z","timestamp":1416466036000},"page":"433-442","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["DNA Microarray-Based PCR Ribotyping of Clostridium difficile"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Alexander","family":"Schneeberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Jena, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ralf","family":"Ehricht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alere Technologies GmbH, 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