{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T19:02:15Z","timestamp":1785178935912,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,1]],"date-time":"2013-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1356998400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,1]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Trichomonas vaginalis<\/jats:named-content>\n infection in males has been largely uncharacterized. Past reports indicated increased susceptibility to other sexually transmitted infection (STI) agents such as human immunodeficiency virus and\n Neisseria gonorrhoeae<\/jats:italic>\n with concurrent\n T. vaginalis<\/jats:named-content>\n infection. This warrants a more thorough review of male\n T. vaginalis<\/jats:named-content>\n incidence. A retrospective 3-year investigation of transcription-mediated amplification (TMA)-based urethral swab and first-void urine screening for\n T. vaginalis<\/jats:named-content>\n within a regional health care system was performed to address\n T. vaginalis<\/jats:named-content>\n prevalence in males. Of 622 total samples tested, 6.6% were positive for\n T. vaginalis<\/jats:named-content>\n . Delineation of all specimens by ZIP code of patient residence revealed 11 predominant ZIP codes with respect to testing volume and detection rates. Within these 11 ZIP codes, representing 78.3% of total testing volume, urine was the preferred specimen source compared to urethral swabs. Seven of these 11 ZIP codes contained majority African American populations. The aggregate\n T. vaginalis<\/jats:named-content>\n detection rate trended higher than that of the remaining four ZIP codes, which were comprised primarily of Caucasian populations (8.9% versus 5.0%, respectively;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.15). The average age of a\n T. vaginalis<\/jats:named-content>\n -infected male (39.9 years) was significantly greater than those for\n Chlamydia trachomatis<\/jats:italic>\n or\n N. gonorrhoeae<\/jats:italic>\n (27.6 and 25.9 years, respectively;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001). Given the significant rate of\n T. vaginalis<\/jats:named-content>\n detection, with age distribution analogous to that reported in females, TMA-based detection of\n T. vaginalis<\/jats:named-content>\n can be a routine constituent within a comprehensive STI screening panel for males in high-prevalence STI communities.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.02526-12","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,25]],"date-time":"2012-10-25T04:29:53Z","timestamp":1351139393000},"page":"101-104","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Screening of Male Patients for Trichomonas vaginalis with Transcription-Mediated Amplification in a Community with a High Prevalence of Sexually Transmitted Infection"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Kimber L.","family":"Munson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Wheaton Franciscan Laboratory, Wauwatosa, Wisconsin, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maureen","family":"Napierala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wheaton Franciscan Laboratory, Wauwatosa, Wisconsin, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erik","family":"Munson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wheaton Franciscan Laboratory, Wauwatosa, Wisconsin, USA"},{"name":"College of Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin\u2014Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronald F.","family":"Schell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA"},{"name":"Departments of Microbiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA"},{"name":"Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy","family":"Kramme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wheaton Franciscan Laboratory, Wauwatosa, Wisconsin, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheryl","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wheaton Franciscan Laboratory, Wauwatosa, Wisconsin, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeanne E.","family":"Hryciuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wheaton Franciscan Laboratory, Wauwatosa, Wisconsin, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1363\/3600604"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.olq.0000137900.63660.98"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.73.7.4155-4160.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007435-199908000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e318186decf"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003081-199303000-00019"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2009.042168"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00564-08"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2008.10.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.05632-11"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.40.10.3681-3683.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.79.2.151"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.olq.0000179874.76360.ad"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/518851"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","first-page":"2010","volume-title":"Sexually transmitted disease surveillance","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2011","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2011. Sexually transmitted disease surveillance, 2010. US Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, GA."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01447-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.41.1.304-309.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","first-page":"233","article-title":"Assessment of screening practices in a subacute clinical setting following introduction of Trichomonas vaginalis nucleic acid amplification testing","volume":"111","author":"Munson E","year":"2012","unstructured":"MunsonEMillerCNapieralaMKrammeTOlsonRMunsonKLOlsonSHryciukJESchellRF. 2012. Assessment of screening practices in a subacute clinical setting following introduction of Trichomonas vaginalis nucleic acid amplification testing. Wisc. Med. J. 111:233\u2013236.","journal-title":"Wisc. Med. 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