{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T10:39:08Z","timestamp":1791196748293,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,1]],"date-time":"2007-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1191196800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Cryptosporidium parvum<\/jats:italic>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>Cryptosporidium hominis<\/jats:italic>\n            isolates from sporadic, drinking water-associated, and intrafamilial human cases together with\n            <jats:italic>C. parvum<\/jats:italic>\n            isolates from sporadic cases in livestock were collected in the United Kingdom between 1995 and 1999. The isolates were characterized by analysis of three microsatellite markers (ML1, GP15, and MS5) using PCR amplification. Within\n            <jats:italic>C. hominis<\/jats:italic>\n            , four alleles were detected within the GP15 and MS5 loci, and a single type was detected with ML1.\n            <jats:italic>C. parvum<\/jats:italic>\n            was more polymorphic; 12 alleles were detected with GP15, 6 were detected with MS5, and 3 were detected with ML1. Multilocus analysis of polymorphisms within the three microsatellite loci was combined with those reported previously for an extrachromosomal small double-stranded RNA. Forty multilocus types were detected within these two species: 9 were detected in\n            <jats:italic>C. hominis<\/jats:italic>\n            , and 31 were detected in\n            <jats:italic>C. parvum<\/jats:italic>\n            . In\n            <jats:italic>C. hominis<\/jats:italic>\n            , heterogeneity was almost exclusively found in samples from sporadic cases. Similarity analysis identified three main groups within\n            <jats:italic>C. parvum<\/jats:italic>\n            , and the group that predominated in human infection was also found in livestock. Multilocus types of\n            <jats:italic>C. parvum<\/jats:italic>\n            previously identified only in humans were not detected in livestock. Isolates of both\n            <jats:italic>C. hominis<\/jats:italic>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>C. parvum<\/jats:italic>\n            from separate waterborne outbreaks were genetically homogeneous, suggesting preferential or point source transmission of certain types of these two species of parasites.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.02536-06","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,8,9]],"date-time":"2007-08-09T01:10:28Z","timestamp":1186621828000},"page":"3286-3294","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Multilocus Analysis of\n            <i>Cryptosporidium hominis<\/i>\n            and\n            <i>Cryptosporidium parvum<\/i>\n            Isolates from Sporadic and Outbreak-Related Human Cases and\n            <i>C. parvum<\/i>\n            Isolates from Sporadic Livestock Cases in the United Kingdom"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Francesca","family":"Leoni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Protection Agency, Centre for Infections, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5EQ, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marianne E.","family":"Mallon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wellcome Centre for Molecular Parasitology, Glasgow Biomedical Research Centre, 120 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huw V.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scottish Parasite Diagnostic Laboratory, Stobhill Hospital, Glasgow G21 3UW, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andy","family":"Tait","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wellcome Centre for Molecular Parasitology, Glasgow Biomedical Research Centre, 120 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jim","family":"McLauchlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Protection Agency, Centre for Infections, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5EQ, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.41.6.2744-2747.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","first-page":"305","volume":"9","year":"1999","unstructured":"Anonymous. 1999. Surveillance of waterborne disease and water quality. January to June 1999, and summary 1998. Public Health Lab. Serv. Commun. Dis. Rep.9:305-308.","journal-title":"Public Health Lab. Serv. Commun. Dis. Rep."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","first-page":"65","volume":"10","year":"2000","unstructured":"Anonymous. 2000. Surveillance of waterborne disease and water quality: July to December 1999. Public Health Lab. Serv. Commun. Dis. Rep.10:65-68.","journal-title":"Public Health Lab. Serv. Commun. Dis. Rep."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","first-page":"43","year":"1997","unstructured":"Arrowood, M. J. 1997. Diagnosis, p. 43-64. In R. Fayer (ed.), Cryptosporidium and cryptosporidiosis. 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