{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T23:13:16Z","timestamp":1793661196824,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,1]],"date-time":"2006-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1154390400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) or sleeping sickness is a neglected disease that affects poor rural populations across sub-Saharan Africa. Confirmation of diagnosis is based on detection of parasites in either blood or lymph by microscopy. Here we present the development and the first-phase evaluation of a simple and rapid test (HAT-PCR-OC [human African trypanosomiasis-PCR-oligochromatography]) for detection of amplified\n            <jats:italic>Trypanosoma brucei<\/jats:italic>\n            DNA. PCR products are visualized on a dipstick through hybridization with a gold-conjugated probe (oligochromatography). Visualization is straightforward and takes only 5 min. Controls both for the PCR and for DNA migration are incorporated into the assay. The lower detection limit of the test is 5 fg of pure\n            <jats:italic>T. brucei<\/jats:italic>\n            DNA. One parasite in 180 \u03bcl of blood is still detectable. Sensitivity and specificity for\n            <jats:italic>T. brucei<\/jats:italic>\n            were calculated at 100% when tested on blood samples from 26 confirmed sleeping sickness patients, 18 negative controls (nonendemic region), and 50 negative control blood samples from an endemic region. HAT-PCR-OC is a promising new tool for diagnosis of sleeping sickness in laboratory settings, and the diagnostic format described here may have wider application for other infectious diseases.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.02594-05","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,5]],"date-time":"2006-08-05T01:54:18Z","timestamp":1154742858000},"page":"2884-2889","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":88,"title":["Molecular Dipstick Test for Diagnosis of Sleeping Sickness"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"S.","family":"Deborggraeve","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium"},{"name":"Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Rega Institute for Medicinal Research, Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Claes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Laurent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Mertens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Coris BioConcept, Gembloux, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Leclipteux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Coris BioConcept, Gembloux, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. C.","family":"Dujardin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Herdewijn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Rega Institute for Medicinal Research, Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Bu\u0308scher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.38.1.345-350.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","first-page":"69","volume":"81","year":"2006","unstructured":"Anonymous. 2006. Human African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness): epidemiological update. Wkly. Epidemiol. Rec.81:69-80.","journal-title":"Wkly. Epidemiol. Rec."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2004.07.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","first-page":"185","volume":"10","year":"1999","unstructured":"Chang, A. B., and J. D. Fox. 1999. NASBA and other transcription based amplification methods for research and diagnostic microbiology. Rev. Med. Microbiol.10:185-196.","journal-title":"Rev. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.18.1.133-146.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2004.01.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3156.1999.00465.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.41.12.5517-5524.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4894(70)90120-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/000349802125001906"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-6851(95)02526-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","unstructured":"Mertens P. I. Renuart R. Boreux M.-P. Hayette and T. Leclipteux. 2003. Detection of Toxoplasma gondii by oligochromatography of nested-PCR amplicons. Presented at 103rd General Meeting of the American Society of Medicine Washington D.C."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","first-page":"526","volume":"10","year":"2004","unstructured":"Mertens, P., L. Vijgen, C. Olungu, S. Degallaix, I. Renuart, M. Van Ranst, and T. Leclipteux. 2004. Detection of SARS-CoV by oligochromatography of RT-PCR amplicons. Clin. Microbiol. Infect.10(Suppl. 3):526-527.","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/28.2.e7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","unstructured":"Olungu C. P. Mertens S. Degallaix I. Renuart O. Legeay R. Laube and T. Leclipteux. 2004. Detection of HAV by oligochromatography of RT-PCR amplicons. Presented at 104th General Meeting of the American Society of Medicine. New Orleans 23 to 27 May 2004."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","first-page":"1238","volume":"331","year":"2006","unstructured":"Picozzi, K., E. M. F\u00e8vre, M. Odiit, M. C. Eisler, I. Maudlin, and S. C. Welburn. 2006. Sleeping sickness in Uganda: a thin line between two fatal diseases. BMJ331:1238-1241.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2002.67.684"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2002.67.289"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","unstructured":"Renuart I. P. Mertens and T. Leclipteux. 18 November 2004. One step oligochromatographic device and method of use. 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