{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T10:11:43Z","timestamp":1790417503906,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,1]],"date-time":"2006-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1149120000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Yersinia pestis<\/jats:italic>\n            is the etiologic agent of plague, a disease that is transmitted from rodent to rodent and from rodent to humans by fleabites. Multiple copies of three insertion sequences (IS\n            <jats:italic>100<\/jats:italic>\n            , IS\n            <jats:italic>285<\/jats:italic>\n            , and IS\n            <jats:italic>1541<\/jats:italic>\n            ) are scattered over the\n            <jats:italic>Y. pestis<\/jats:italic>\n            genome. The genomic instability generated by these insertion sequences (IS) creates a polymorphism of the hybridizing restriction fragments (restriction fragment length polymorphism [RFLP]) which can be used to subtype this relatively clonal species. The aim of this work was to evaluate and compare the potential of the three IS-RFLP techniques, individually or in combination, to define clusters of strains according to their focus of origin. The analysis of 61\n            <jats:italic>Y. pestis<\/jats:italic>\n            isolates of worldwide origin indicated that no satisfactory strain clustering was observed with each IS-RFLP used individually. In contrast, the combination of the three IS-RFLP data (3IS-RFLP) resulted in both an efficient strain discrimination (\n            <jats:italic>D<\/jats:italic>\n            = 0.999) and a robust clustering of the isolates according to their biovar and geographical origin. This geographical clustering was observed even within the Orientalis group, although these strains had only a short period of time (one century) to diverge from the original clone that spread globally. Therefore, 3IS-RFLP is a technique that may be useful for addressing epidemiological problems and forensic issues. When plague reemerges after several decades of silence in a quiescent focus, it may help in determining whether the disease was reimported or reactivated. It may also be of value to identify the origin of a strain when plague cases appear in a previously plague-free region. Finally, this technique could be useful for the tracing of a\n            <jats:italic>Y. pestis<\/jats:italic>\n            isolate that has been used as a biological terrorism threat.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.02618-05","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,7]],"date-time":"2006-06-07T10:58:07Z","timestamp":1149677887000},"page":"2084-2092","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Efficient Tracing of Global Isolates of\n            <i>Yersinia pestis<\/i>\n            by Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis Using Three Insertion Sequences as Probes"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Gabriela","family":"Torrea","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Yersinia Research Unit, National Reference Laboratory and WHO Collaborating Center for Yersinia, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Viviane","family":"Chenal-Francisque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yersinia Research Unit, National Reference Laboratory and WHO Collaborating Center for Yersinia, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandre","family":"Leclercq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yersinia Research Unit, National Reference Laboratory and WHO Collaborating Center for Yersinia, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabeth","family":"Carniel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yersinia Research Unit, National Reference Laboratory and WHO Collaborating Center for Yersinia, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0408026101"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.24.14043"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.38.4.1516-1519.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(95)90730-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/7.6.1513"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","first-page":"36","volume":"2","year":"1997","unstructured":"Bobrov, A. 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