{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T00:35:42Z","timestamp":1788568542900,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,1]],"date-time":"2013-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1367366400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Although the high mortality rate of pulmonary invasive aspergillosis (IA) in patients with prolonged chemotherapy-induced neutropenia (PCIN) can be reduced by timely diagnosis, a diagnostic test that reliably detects IA at an early stage is lacking. We hypothesized that an electronic nose (eNose) could fulfill this need. An eNose can discriminate various lung diseases through the analysis of exhaled volatile organic compounds (VOCs). An eNose is cheap and noninvasive and yields results within minutes. In a single-center prospective cohort study, we included patients who were treated with chemotherapy expected to result in PCIN. Based on standardized indications, a full diagnostic workup was performed to confirm invasive aspergillosis or to rule it out. Patients with no aspergillosis were considered controls, and patients with probable or proven aspergillosis were considered index cases. Exhaled breath was examined with a Cyranose 320 (Smith Detections, Pasadena, CA). The resulting data were analyzed using principal component reduction. The primary endpoint was cross-validated diagnostic accuracy, defined as the percentage of patients correctly classified using the leave-one-out method. Accuracy was validated by 100,000 random classifications. We included 46 subjects who underwent 16 diagnostic workups, resulting in 6 cases and 5 controls. The cross-validated accuracy of the eNose in diagnosing IA was 90.9% (\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            = 0.022; sensitivity, 100%; specificity, 83.3%). Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed an area under the curve of 0.93. These preliminary data indicate that PCIN patients with IA have a distinct exhaled VOC profile that can be detected with eNose technology. The diagnostic accuracy of the eNose for invasive aspergillosis warrants validation.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.02838-12","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,7]],"date-time":"2013-03-07T02:51:57Z","timestamp":1362624717000},"page":"1490-1495","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":85,"title":["Electronic Nose Technology for Detection of Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis in Prolonged Chemotherapy-Induced Neutropenia: a Proof-of-Principle Study"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Koen","family":"de Heer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Hematology, Biostatistics, and Bioinformatics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc P.","family":"van der Schee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Medicine, Biostatistics, and Bioinformatics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koos","family":"Zwinderman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Bioinformatics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Inge A. H.","family":"van den Berk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline Elisabeth","family":"Visser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Microbiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rien","family":"van Oers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Hematology, Biostatistics, and Bioinformatics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter J.","family":"Sterk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Medicine, Biostatistics, and Bioinformatics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0163-4453(96)92700-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0344-0338(00)80036-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1813","DOI":"10.1086\/588660","article-title":"Revised definitions of invasive fungal disease from the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer\/Invasive Fungal Infections Cooperative Group and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Mycoses Study Group (EORTC\/MSG) Consensus Group","volume":"46","author":"De Pauw B","year":"2008","unstructured":"De PauwB WalshTJ DonnellyJP StevensDA EdwardsJE CalandraT PappasPG MaertensJ LortholaryO KauffmanCA DenningDW PattersonTF MaschmeyerG BilleJ DismukesWE HerbrechtR HopeWW KibblerCC KullbergBJ MarrKA MunozP OddsFC PerfectJR RestrepoA RuhnkeM SegalBH SobelJD SorrellTC ViscoliC WingardJR ZaoutisT BennettJE. 2008. 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