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The CFU of recoverable\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">P. aeruginosa<\/jats:named-content>\n                    and\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">K. pneumoniae<\/jats:named-content>\n                    isolates were decreased, but the biofilm biomass was unchanged. Exposure to hydrogen peroxide (1%) decreased the biofilm biomass and reduced the CFU of\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">E. coli<\/jats:named-content>\n                    isolates,\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">K. pneumoniae<\/jats:named-content>\n                    isolates were observed to have a reduction in CFU, and minimal effects were observed for\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">P. aeruginosa<\/jats:named-content>\n                    isolates. Chelating agents (EDTA formulations) reduced\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">E. coli<\/jats:named-content>\n                    CFU but were ineffective at disrupting preformed biofilms or decreasing the CFU of\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">P. aeruginosa<\/jats:named-content>\n                    and\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">K. pneumoniae<\/jats:named-content>\n                    within a biofilm. No single nonantibiotic treatment commonly used in equine veterinary practice was able to reduce the CFU and biofilm biomass of all three Gram-negative species of bacteria evaluated. An\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    equine model of infectious endometritis was also developed to monitor biofilm formation, utilizing bioluminescence imaging with equine\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">P. aeruginosa<\/jats:named-content>\n                    isolates from this study. Following infection, the endometrial surface contained focal areas of bacterial growth encased in a strongly adherent \u201cbiofilm-like\u201d matrix, suggesting that biofilms are present during clinical cases of infectious equine endometritis. Our results indicate that Gram-negative bacteria isolated from the equine uterus are capable of producing a biofilm\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">P. aeruginosa<\/jats:named-content>\n                    is capable of producing biofilm-like material\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.02861-15","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,30]],"date-time":"2015-12-30T22:03:08Z","timestamp":1451512988000},"page":"631-639","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["<i>In Vitro<\/i>\n                    Efficacy of Nonantibiotic Treatments on Biofilm Disruption of Gram-Negative Pathogens and an\n                    <i>In Vivo<\/i>\n                    Model of Infectious Endometritis Utilizing Isolates from the Equine Uterus"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Ryan A.","family":"Ferris","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick M.","family":"McCue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grace I.","family":"Borlee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristen D.","family":"Loncar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margo L.","family":"Hennet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bradley R.","family":"Borlee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2005.08.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2007.05.050"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2007.02.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0531.2009.01485.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0531.2010.01634.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2746\/095777308X357621"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.49.6.2467-2473.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/22.6.777"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.36.7.1347"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(01)05321-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.48.7.2659-2664.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-6-53"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.58.7.2383-2385.1990"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1002794"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.44.7.1818-1824.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.47.4.1251-1256.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.284.5418.1318"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir077"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.15.2.167-193.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0966-842X(00)01913-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","first-page":"98","article-title":"Getting a grip on bacterial slime","volume":"13","author":"Licking E","year":"1999","unstructured":"Licking E. 1999. 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