{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T02:36:16Z","timestamp":1774924576470,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,25]],"date-time":"2016-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1458864000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,1]],"date-time":"2016-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1459468800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"HHS | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N01-AI-30041"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N01-AI-30041"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            The European\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Aspergillus<\/jats:named-content>\n            PCR Initiative (EAPCRI) has provided recommendations for the PCR testing of whole blood (WB) and serum\/plasma. It is important to test these recommended protocols on nonsimulated \u201c\n            <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n            \u201d specimens before full clinical evaluation. The testing of an animal model of invasive aspergillosis (IA) overcomes the low incidence of disease and provides experimental design and control that is not possible in the clinical setting. Inadequate performance of the recommended protocols at this stage would require reassessment of methods before clinical trials are performed and utility assessed. The manuscript describes the performance of EAPCRI protocols in an animal model of invasive aspergillosis. Blood samples taken from a guinea pig model of IA were used for WB and serum PCR. Galactomannan and \u03b2-\n            <jats:sc>d<\/jats:sc>\n            -glucan detection were evaluated, with particular focus on the timing of positivity and on the interpretation of combination testing. The overall sensitivities for WB PCR, serum PCR, galactomannan, and \u03b2-\n            <jats:sc>d<\/jats:sc>\n            -glucan were 73%, 65%, 68%, and 46%, respectively. The corresponding specificities were 92%, 79%, 80%, and 100%, respectively. PCR provided the earliest indicator of IA, and increasing galactomannan and \u03b2-\n            <jats:sc>d<\/jats:sc>\n            -glucan values were indicators of disease progression. The combination of WB PCR with galactomannan and \u03b2-\n            <jats:sc>d<\/jats:sc>\n            -glucan proved optimal (area under the curve [AUC], 0.95), and IA was confidently diagnosed or excluded. The EAPRCI-recommended PCR protocols provide performance comparable to commercial antigen tests, and clinical trials are warranted. By combining multiple tests, IA can be excluded or confirmed, highlighting the need for a combined diagnostic strategy. However, this approach must be balanced against the practicality and cost of using multiple tests.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.03233-15","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,21]],"date-time":"2016-01-21T04:34:55Z","timestamp":1453350895000},"page":"960-966","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Comparison of Nonculture Blood-Based Tests for Diagnosing Invasive Aspergillosis in an Animal Model"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"P. Lewis","family":"White","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"PHW Microbiology, Cardiff, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nathan P.","family":"Wiederhold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"San Antonio Center for Medical Mycology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juergen","family":"Loeffler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wuerzburg University, Wuerzburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura K.","family":"Najvar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"San Antonio Center for Medical Mycology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Willem","family":"Melchers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Monica","family":"Herrera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"San Antonio Center for Medical Mycology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephane","family":"Bretagne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"H\u00f4pital Saint Louis, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Wickes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"San Antonio Center for Medical Mycology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William R.","family":"Kirkpatrick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"San Antonio Center for Medical Mycology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rosemary A.","family":"Barnes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiff University, UHW, Cardiff, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. Peter","family":"Donnelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas F.","family":"Patterson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"San Antonio Center for Medical Mycology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA"},{"name":"South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/588660"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01767-09"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.05316-11"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.05356-11"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkr567"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12281-009-0029-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.03322-12"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00905-15"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","volume-title":"Guide for the care and use of laboratory animals","author":"National Academy of Sciences","year":"1996","unstructured":"National Academy of Sciences. 1996. 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