{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T12:35:18Z","timestamp":1792154118409,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,1]],"date-time":"2016-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1470009600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Gouvernement du Canada | Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOP-142224"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOP-142224"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            The plaque reduction assay (PRA) is the gold standard phenotypic method to determine herpes simplex virus (HSV) and human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) susceptibilities to antiviral drugs. However, this assay is subjective and labor intensive. Here, we describe a novel antiviral phenotypic method based on real-time cell analysis (RTCA) that measures electronic impedance over time. The effective drug concentrations that reduced by 50% (EC\n            <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n            s) the cytopathic effects induced by HSV-1 and HCMV were evaluated by both methods. The EC\n            <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n            s of acyclovir and foscarnet against a reference wild-type (WT) HSV-1 strain in Vero cells were, respectively, 0.5 \u03bcM and 32.6 \u03bcM by PRA and 0.8 \u03bcM and 93.6 \u03bcM by RTCA. The EC\n            <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n            ratios for acyclovir against several HSV-1 thymidine kinase (TK) mutants were 101.8\u00d7, 73.4\u00d7, 28.8\u00d7, and 35.4\u00d7 (PRA) and 18.0\u00d7, 52.0\u00d7, 5.5\u00d7, and 87.8\u00d7 (RTCA) compared to those for the WT. The EC\n            <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n            ratios for acyclovir and foscarnet against the HSV-1 TK\/DNA polymerase mutant were 182.8\u00d7 and 9.7\u00d7 (PRA) and &gt;125.0\u00d7 and 10.8\u00d7 (RTCA) compared to the WT. The EC\n            <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n            s of ganciclovir and foscarnet against WT HCMV strain AD169 in fibroblasts were, respectively, 1.6 \u03bcM and 27.8 \u03bcM by PRA and 5.0 \u03bcM and 111.4 \u03bcM by RTCA. The EC\n            <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n            ratios of ganciclovir against the HCMV UL97 mutant were 3.8\u00d7 (PRA) and 8.2\u00d7 (RTCA) compared to those for the WT. The EC\n            <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n            ratios of ganciclovir and foscarnet against the HCMV UL97\/DNA polymerase mutant were 17.1\u00d7 and 12.1\u00d7 (PRA) and 14.7\u00d7 and 4.6\u00d7 (RTCA) compared to those for the WT. RTCA allows objective drug susceptibility testing of HSV and HCMV and could permit high-throughput screening of new antivirals.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.03274-15","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,2]],"date-time":"2016-06-02T04:25:18Z","timestamp":1464841518000},"page":"2120-2127","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Novel Method Based on Real-Time Cell Analysis for Drug Susceptibility Testing of Herpes Simplex Virus and Human Cytomegalovirus"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Jocelyne","family":"Piret","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center in Infectious Diseases, CHU of Quebec and Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathalie","family":"Goyette","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center in Infectious Diseases, CHU of Quebec and Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guy","family":"Boivin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center in Infectious Diseases, CHU of Quebec and Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/b135974_22"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.74.12.5716"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/358162a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/358160a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0163-7258(89)90097-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00615-10"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00009-10"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_9_2","volume-title":"Approved standard","author":"Swierkosz EM","year":"2004","unstructured":"Swierkosz EM, Hodinka RL, Moore BM, Sacks S, Scholl DR, Wright DK. 2004. Antiviral susceptibility testing: herpes simplex virus by plaque reduction assay. Approved standard, vol 24. 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