{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T22:24:06Z","timestamp":1791239046654,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,1]],"date-time":"2014-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1401580800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Molecular types of the\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Cryptococcus neoformans\/Cryptococcus gattii<\/jats:named-content>\n            species complex that infect dogs and cats differ regionally and with host species. Antifungal drug susceptibility can vary with molecular type, but the susceptibility of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Cryptococcus<\/jats:named-content>\n            isolates from dogs and cats is largely unknown.\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Cryptococcus<\/jats:named-content>\n            isolates from 15 dogs and 27 cats were typed using\n            <jats:italic>URA5<\/jats:italic>\n            restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis (RFLP), PCR fingerprinting, and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Susceptibility was determined using a microdilution assay (Sensititre YeastOne; Trek Diagnostic Systems). MICs were compared among groups. The 42 isolates studied comprised molecular types VGI (7%), VGIIa (7%), VGIIb (5%), VGIIc (5%), VGIII (38%), VGIV (2%), VNI (33%), and VNII (2%), as determined by\n            <jats:italic>URA5<\/jats:italic>\n            RFLP. The VGIV isolate was more closely related to VGIII according to MLST. All VGIII isolates were from cats. All sequence types identified from veterinary isolates clustered with isolates from humans. VGIII isolates showed considerable genetic diversity compared with other\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Cryptococcus<\/jats:named-content>\n            molecular types and could be divided into two major subgroups. Compared with\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. neoformans<\/jats:named-content>\n            MICs,\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. gattii<\/jats:named-content>\n            MICs were lower for flucytosine, and VGIII MICs were lower for flucytosine and itraconazole. For all drugs except itraconazole,\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. gattii<\/jats:named-content>\n            isolates exhibited a wider range of MICs than\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. neoformans<\/jats:named-content>\n            . MICs varied with\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Cryptococcus<\/jats:named-content>\n            species and molecular type in dogs and cats, and MICs of VGIII isolates were most variable and may reflect phylogenetic diversity in this group. Because sequence types of dogs and cats reflect those infecting humans, these observations may also have implications for treatment of human cryptococcosis.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.03392-13","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,3]],"date-time":"2014-04-03T06:17:43Z","timestamp":1396505863000},"page":"2061-2070","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Antifungal Drug Susceptibility and Phylogenetic Diversity among Cryptococcus Isolates from Dogs and Cats in North America"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"Lisa M.","family":"Singer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University College of Veterinary Medicine, East Lansing, Michigan, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wieland","family":"Meyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Mycology Research Laboratory, Center for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Sydney Medical School-Westmead Hospital, Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, The University of Sydney, Westmead Millennium Institute, Sydney, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolina","family":"Firacative","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Mycology Research Laboratory, Center for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Sydney Medical School-Westmead Hospital, Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, The University of Sydney, Westmead Millennium Institute, Sydney, Australia"},{"name":"Grupo de Microbiolog\u00eda, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogot\u00e1, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"III","given":"George R.","family":"Thompson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eileen","family":"Samitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jane E.","family":"Sykes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine &amp; Epidemiology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-1-4377-0795-3.00062-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","first-page":"515","volume-title":"Cryptococcus\u2014from human pathogen to model yeast","author":"Fries BC","year":"2011","unstructured":"FriesBCCoxGM. 2011. 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