{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T22:56:09Z","timestamp":1776120969067,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,1]],"date-time":"2015-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1430438400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            The predominant human-biting tick throughout the southeastern United States is\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Amblyomma americanum<\/jats:named-content>\n            . Its ability to transmit pathogens causing Lyme disease-like illnesses is a subject of ongoing controversy. Results of previous testing by the Department of Defense Human Tick Test Kit Program and other laboratories indicated that it is highly unlikely that\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">A. americanum<\/jats:named-content>\n            transmits any pathogen that causes Lyme disease. In contrast, a recent publication by Clark and colleagues (K. L. Clark, B. Leydet, and S. Hartman, Int. J. Med. Sci. 10:915\u2013931, 2013) reported detection of Lyme group\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Borrelia<\/jats:named-content>\n            in\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">A. americanum<\/jats:named-content>\n            using a nested-flagellin-gene PCR. We evaluated this assay by using it and other assays to test 1,097\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">A. americanum<\/jats:named-content>\n            ticks collected from humans. Using the Clark assay, in most samples we observed nonspecific amplification and nonrepeatability of results on subsequent testing of samples. Lack of reaction specificity and repeatability is consistent with mispriming, likely due to high primer concentrations and low annealing temperatures in this protocol. In six suspect-positive samples,\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Borrelia lonestari<\/jats:named-content>\n            was identified by sequencing of an independent gene region; this is not a Lyme group spirochete and is not considered zoonotic.\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">B. burgdorferi<\/jats:named-content>\n            was weakly amplified from one pool using some assays, but not others, and attempts to sequence the amplicon of this pool failed, as did attempts to amplify and sequence\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">B. burgdorferi<\/jats:named-content>\n            from the five individual samples comprising this pool. Therefore,\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">B. burgdorferi<\/jats:named-content>\n            was not confirmed in any sample. Our results do not support the hypothesis that\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">A. americanum<\/jats:named-content>\n            ticks are a vector for Lyme group\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Borrelia<\/jats:named-content>\n            infections.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.03454-14","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,19]],"date-time":"2015-03-19T02:34:18Z","timestamp":1426732458000},"page":"1697-1704","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Borrelia burgdorferi Not Confirmed in Human-Biting Amblyomma americanum Ticks from the Southeastern United States"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Ellen Y.","family":"Stromdahl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Army Public Health Command, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robyn M.","family":"Nadolny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Army Public Health Command, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland, USA"},{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer A.","family":"Gibbons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Army Edgewood Chemical and Biological Center, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland, USA"},{"name":"Science and Technology Corp., Hampton, Virginia, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lisa D.","family":"Auckland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&amp;M University, College Station, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mary A.","family":"Vince","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Army Public Health Command, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chad E.","family":"Elkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Army Public Health Command, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael P.","family":"Murphy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Army Public Health Command, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Graham J.","family":"Hickling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Wildlife Health, University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark W.","family":"Eshoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ibis Biosciences, Carlsbad, California, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Heather 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