{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T14:36:33Z","timestamp":1772634993519,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,1]],"date-time":"2015-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1427846400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) plus azithromycin (AZ) (SPAZ) has the potential for intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in pregnancy (IPTp), but its use could increase circulation of antibiotic-resistant bacteria associated with severe pediatric infections. We evaluated the effect of monthly SPAZ-IPTp compared to a single course of SP plus chloroquine (SPCQ) on maternal nasopharyngeal carriage and antibiotic susceptibility of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/jats:named-content>\n            ,\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Haemophilus influenzae<\/jats:named-content>\n            , and\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:named-content>\n            at delivery among 854 women participating in a randomized controlled trial in Papua New Guinea. Serotyping was performed, and antibiotic susceptibility was evaluated by disk diffusion and Etest. Potential risk factors for carriage were examined. Nasopharyngeal carriage at delivery of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">S. pneumoniae<\/jats:named-content>\n            (SPAZ, 7.2% [30\/418], versus SPCQ, 19.3% [84\/436];\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            &lt; 0.001) and\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">H. influenzae<\/jats:named-content>\n            (2.9% [12\/418] versus 6.0% [26\/436],\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            = 0.028), but not\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">S. aureus<\/jats:named-content>\n            , was significantly reduced among women who had received SPAZ-IPTp. The number of macrolide-resistant pneumococcal isolates was small but increased in the SPAZ group (13.3% [4\/30], versus SPCQ, 2.2% [2\/91];\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            = 0.033). The proportions of isolates with serotypes covered by the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine were similar (SPAZ, 10.3% [3\/29], versus SPCQ, 17.6% [16\/91];\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            = 0.352). Although macrolide-resistant isolates were rare, they were more commonly detected in women who had received SPAZ-IPTp, despite the significant reduction of maternal carriage of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">S. pneumoniae<\/jats:named-content>\n            and\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">H. influenzae<\/jats:named-content>\n            observed in this group. Future studies on SPAZ-IPTp should evaluate carriage and persistence of macrolide-resistant\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">S. pneumoniae<\/jats:named-content>\n            and other pathogenic bacteria in both mothers and infants and assess the clinical significance of their circulation.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.03570-14","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,12]],"date-time":"2015-02-12T06:53:25Z","timestamp":1423724005000},"page":"1317-1323","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Impact of Intermittent Preventive Treatment in Pregnancy with Azithromycin-Containing Regimens on Maternal Nasopharyngeal Carriage and Antibiotic Sensitivity of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Staphylococcus aureus: a Cross-Sectional Survey at Delivery"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Holger W.","family":"Unger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine (Royal Melbourne Hospital), The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia"},{"name":"Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Goroka, Papua New Guinea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Celestine","family":"Aho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Goroka, Papua New Guinea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Ome-Kaius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Goroka, Papua New Guinea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Regina A.","family":"Wangnapi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Goroka, Papua New Guinea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexandra J.","family":"Umbers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine (Royal Melbourne Hospital), The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia"},{"name":"Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Goroka, Papua New Guinea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wanda","family":"Jack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Goroka, Papua New Guinea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alice","family":"Lafana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Goroka, Papua New Guinea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Audrey","family":"Michael","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Goroka, Papua New Guinea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Hanieh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine (Royal Melbourne Hospital), The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Siba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Goroka, Papua New Guinea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ivo","family":"Mueller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia"},{"name":"Barcelona Centre for International Health Research (CRESIB), Hospital Cl\u00ednic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew 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