{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T13:51:18Z","timestamp":1791121878932,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,1]],"date-time":"2014-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1401580800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection is recognized as an emerging and often undiagnosed disease in industrialized countries, with asymptomatic infections actually occurring in blood donors. Sensitive detection of HEV-RNA is crucial for diagnosis and monitoring of disease progression. We evaluated the analytical sensitivity and performance of three HEV RT-PCR assays (RealStar HEV reverse transcription-PCR [RT-PCR], hepatitis@ceeramTools, and ampliCube HEV RT-PCR) for screening of individuals for HEV infections (ID-nucleic acid amplification technology [ID-NAT]) and for blood donor pool screening (minipool-NAT [MP-NAT]). RNA was extracted using NucliSens easyMAG (ID-NAT) and a high-volume extraction protocol (4.8 ml, chemagic Viral 5K, MP-NAT). Three NAT assays were evaluated for ID-NAT but only two assays for MP-NAT due to inhibition of the ampliCube HEV RT-PCR kit using the corresponding RNA extract. Assays provided good analytical sensitivity, ranging from 37.8 to 180.1 IU\/ml (ID-NAT) and from 4.7 to 91.2 IU\/ml (MP-NAT). The applicability of HEV antigen (HEV-Ag) screening was compared to that of RT-PCR screening and detection of HEV-IgM antibodies using seroconversion panels of 10 HEV genotype 3-infected individuals. Four individuals revealed a positive HEV-Ag detection result, with corresponding viremias ranging from 1.92E + 03 to 2.19E + 05 IU\/ml, while the progression of HEV-Ag followed that of HEV viremia. The other six individuals showed no presence of HEV-Ag although the corresponding viremias were also in the range of &gt;1.0E + 03. Anti-HEV-IgM antibodies were detectable in seven donors; one donor presented parallel positivities of HEV-Ag and anti-HEV IgM. The evaluated NAT methods present powerful tools providing sensitive HEV detection. Application of HEV-Ag or anti-HEV IgM screening is currently inferior for the early detection of HEV infection due to the decreased sensitivity compared to NAT methods.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.03578-13","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,17]],"date-time":"2014-04-17T02:02:23Z","timestamp":1397700143000},"page":"2150-2156","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["Comparison of Real-Time PCR and Antigen Assays for Detection of Hepatitis E Virus in Blood Donors"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"T.","family":"Vollmer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Laboratoriums- und Transfusionsmedizin, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum Nordrhein-Westfalen, Universit\u00e4tsklinik der Ruhr-Universit\u00e4t Bochum, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Knabbe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Laboratoriums- und Transfusionsmedizin, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum Nordrhein-Westfalen, Universit\u00e4tsklinik der Ruhr-Universit\u00e4t Bochum, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Dreier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Laboratoriums- und Transfusionsmedizin, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum Nordrhein-Westfalen, Universit\u00e4tsklinik der Ruhr-Universit\u00e4t Bochum, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-8-61"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1423-0410.2009.01211.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rmv.482"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.20206"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2007.12.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/504321"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1503.071472"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MOG.0b013e32835ff238"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0904.020351"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.37.12.3828-3834.1999"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00430-011-0210-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/378074"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.19242-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2011.06.021"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0706992"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/655899"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3148.2006.00652.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1304.061387"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2008.01722.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2004.03300.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000357098"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1423-0410.2011.01583.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1423-0410.2011.01527.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1423-0410.2012.01638.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01119-12"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.43.1.49-56.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v12.i24.3919"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2013.07.019"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.23529"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.20717"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.12253"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1905.121845"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01466-09"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1423-0410.2011.01554.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1423-0410.2010.01412.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)60595-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2893.2007.00858.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/504322"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/591970"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2008.12.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.12121"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00661-13"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02578-10"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.05942-11"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6822(91)90760-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-008-2281-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00561-08"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/JCM.03578-13","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/JCM.03578-13","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,5]],"date-time":"2022-03-05T11:57:46Z","timestamp":1646481466000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/JCM.03578-13"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"M. J.","family":"Loeffelholz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,6]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/JCM.03578-13"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jcm.03578-13","relation":{},"ISSN":["0095-1137","1098-660X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0095-1137","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-660X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2014-01-14","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2014-04-09","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2014-05-15","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}