{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T09:26:49Z","timestamp":1769160409338,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,1]],"date-time":"2011-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1320105600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Anaplasma phagocytophilum<\/jats:named-content>\n            , the causative agent of human granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA), shares the same enzootic life cycle as\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Borrelia burgdorferi<\/jats:named-content>\n            , the causative agent of Lyme disease. Although La Crosse, WI, is a well-recognized Lyme disease focus with an abundance of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Ixodes scapularis<\/jats:named-content>\n            vector ticks and the first documentation of HGA occurred in patients from northwestern Wisconsin, local transmission of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">A. phagocytophilum<\/jats:named-content>\n            has not to date been documented. In this study, we evaluated DNA extracted from 201 ticks captured locally by a real-time PCR that targeted a unique region within\n            <jats:italic>msp2<\/jats:italic>\n            , and 24 samples (12%) yielded positive results. The PCR also detected\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">A. phagocytophilum<\/jats:named-content>\n            DNA in blood samples obtained from 53 patients with clinical abnormalities consistent with HGA, and sequencing confirmed that the DNA was recovered from the Ap-ha variant of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">A. phagocytophilum<\/jats:named-content>\n            , associated exclusively with human infection. The findings therefore confirmed that the upper Midwestern focus for HGA endemicity now includes the regions immediately surrounding La Crosse, WI. The results also validated the utility of the real-time\n            <jats:italic>msp2<\/jats:italic>\n            PCR test for confirming acute HGA in the clinical setting.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.05025-11","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,15]],"date-time":"2011-09-15T07:40:31Z","timestamp":1316072431000},"page":"3855-3859","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Expansion of the Midwestern Focus for Human Granulocytic Anaplasmosis into the Region Surrounding La Crosse, Wisconsin"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Steven D.","family":"Lovrich","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology Research and Molecular Diagnostics Laboratories, Gundersen Lutheran Medical Center, La Crosse, Wisconsin 54601"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dean A.","family":"Jobe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology Research and Molecular Diagnostics Laboratories, Gundersen Lutheran Medical Center, La Crosse, Wisconsin 54601"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Todd J.","family":"Kowalski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Infectious Diseases, Gundersen Lutheran Medical Center, La Crosse, Wisconsin 54601"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seema M.","family":"Policepatil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Education, Gundersen Lutheran Medical Center, La Crosse, Wisconsin 54601"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Steven M.","family":"Callister","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology Research and Molecular Diagnostics Laboratories, Gundersen Lutheran Medical Center, La Crosse, Wisconsin 54601"},{"name":"Section of Infectious Diseases, Gundersen Lutheran Medical Center, La Crosse, Wisconsin 54601"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/153036602321653815"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.40.7.2612-2615.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/313948"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1994.03520030054028"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/323811"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/515048"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1996.03530270039029"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2007.0236"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02098084"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.26.12.2632-2636.1988"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.32.3.589-595.1994"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","unstructured":"College of American Pathologists Commission on Laboratory Accreditation. 2009. 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