{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T02:16:42Z","timestamp":1791166602758,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,1]],"date-time":"2012-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1341100800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            The monitoring and prediction of treatment responses to invasive aspergillosis (IA) are difficult. We determined whether serum galactomannan index (GMI) trends early in the course of disease may be useful in predicting eventual clinical outcomes. For the subjects recruited into the multicenter Global Aspergillosis Study, serial GMIs were measured at baseline and at weeks 1, 2, and 4 following antifungal treatment. Clinical response and survival at 12 weeks were the outcome measures. GMI trends were analyzed by using the generalized estimation equation approach. GMI cutoffs were evaluated by using receiver-operating curve analyses incorporating pre- and posttest probabilities. Of the 202 study patients diagnosed with IA, 71 (35.1%) had a baseline GMI of \u22650.5. Week 1 GMI was significantly lower for the eventual responders to treatment at week 12 than for the nonresponders (GMIs of 0.62 \u00b1 0.12 and 1.15 \u00b1 0.22, respectively;\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            = 0.035). A GMI reduction of &gt;35% between baseline and week 1 predicted a probability of a satisfactory clinical response. For IA patients with pretreatment GMIs of &lt;0.5 (\n            <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n            = 131; 64.9%), GMI ought to remain low during treatment, and a rising absolute GMI to &gt;0.5 at week 2 despite antifungal treatment heralded a poor clinical outcome. Here, every 0.1-unit increase in the GMI between baseline and week 2 increased the likelihood of an unsatisfactory clinical response by 21.6% (\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            = 0.018). In summary, clinical outcomes may be anticipated by charting early GMI trends during the first 2 weeks of antifungal therapy. These findings have significant implications for the management of IA.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.06513-11","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,3]],"date-time":"2012-05-03T03:45:48Z","timestamp":1336016748000},"page":"2330-2336","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":86,"title":["Early Serum Galactomannan Trend as a Predictor of Outcome of Invasive Aspergillosis"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"Louis Y. A.","family":"Chai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Medicine, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands"},{"name":"Nijmegen Institute for Infection, Inflammation, and Immunity (N4i), Nijmegen, Netherlands"},{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, University Medicine Cluster, National University Health System, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bart-Jan","family":"Kullberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Medicine, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands"},{"name":"Nijmegen Institute for Infection, Inflammation, and Immunity (N4i), Nijmegen, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth M.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mycology Reference Laboratory, Health Protection Agency, Bristol, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven","family":"Teerenstra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Health Technology Assessment, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lay Wai","family":"Khin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Investigational Medicine Unit, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alieke G.","family":"Vonk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johan","family":"Maertens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olivier","family":"Lortholary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Pasteur, Unit\u00e9 de Mycologie Mol\u00e9culaire, Centre National de R\u00e9f\u00e9rence Mycologie et Antifongiques, Paris, France"},{"name":"CNRS URA3012, Paris, France"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Descartes, Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Centre d'Infectiologie Necker-Pasteur, IHU Imagine, H\u00f4pital Necker-Enfants Malades, APHP, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter J.","family":"Donnelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hematology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands"},{"name":"Nijmegen Institute for Infection, Inflammation, and Immunity (N4i), Nijmegen, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haran T.","family":"Schlamm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pfizer Global Research and Development, New York, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter F.","family":"Troke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Old Court, Broadstairs, Kent, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mihai G.","family":"Netea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Medicine, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands"},{"name":"Nijmegen Institute for Infection, Inflammation, and Immunity (N4i), Nijmegen, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raoul","family":"Herbrecht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology and Hematology, H\u00f4pitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/339324"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1813","DOI":"10.1086\/588660","article-title":"Revised definitions of invasive fungal disease from the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer\/Invasive Fungal Infections Cooperative Group and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Mycoses Study Group (EORTC\/MSG) Consensus Group","volume":"46","author":"De Pauw B","year":"2008","unstructured":"De PauwB . 2008. Revised definitions of invasive fungal disease from the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer\/Invasive Fungal Infections Cooperative Group and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Mycoses Study Group (EORTC\/MSG) Consensus Group. Clin. Infect. Dis. 46:1813\u20131821.","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. 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