{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T23:29:00Z","timestamp":1792193340824,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,1]],"date-time":"2012-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1338508800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Carbapenemase-producing\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Enterobacteriaceae<\/jats:named-content>\n                    (CPE) are an increasing problem worldwide, and rectal swab surveillance is recommended as a component of infection control programs. The performance of a prototype chromogenic medium (chromID CARBA) was evaluated and compared with media tested by four other screening methods: (i) overnight selective enrichment in 5 ml tryptic soy broth with a 10-\u03bcg ertapenem disk followed by plating onto MacConkey agar (CDC-TS), (ii) short selective enrichment in 9 ml brain heart infusion broth with a 10-\u03bcg ertapenem disk followed by plating onto chromID ESBL medium (ESBL-BH), (iii) direct plating onto chromID ESBL, and (iv) direct plating onto MacConkey agar supplemented with meropenem (1 \u03bcg\/ml) (MCM). The screening methods were applied to detect CPE in 200 rectal swab specimens taken from different hospitalized patients. Identification and antimicrobial susceptibility were performed by the Vitek 2 system. Carbapenem MICs were checked by Etest. Carbapenemase production was confirmed using the modified Hodge test, combined-disk tests, and PCR assays. In total, 133 presumptive CPE strains were detected. Phenotypic and genotypic assays confirmed 92 strains to be CPE (56 KPC-positive\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:named-content>\n                    , 29 VIM-positive\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">K. pneumoniae<\/jats:named-content>\n                    , and 7 KPC-positive\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Enterobacter aerogenes<\/jats:named-content>\n                    strains) recovered from 73 patients, while the remaining 41 strains were confirmed to be CPE negative (19 ESBL producers and 22 nonfermenters). chromID CARBA, ESBL-BH, and chromID ESBL exhibited the highest sensitivity (92.4%), followed by CDC-TS and MCM (89.1%) (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.631). The specificity was greater for chromID CARBA (96.9%) and ESBL-BH (93.2%) than for CDC-TS (86.4%), MCM (85.2%), and chromID ESBL (84.7%) (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.014). In conclusion, chromID CARBA was found to be a rapid and accurate culture screening method for active CPE surveillance.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.06848-11","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,30]],"date-time":"2012-03-30T01:45:38Z","timestamp":1333071938000},"page":"1841-1846","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":90,"title":["Comparative Evaluation of a Prototype Chromogenic Medium (ChromID CARBA) for Detecting Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae in Surveillance Rectal Swabs"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"Georgia","family":"Vrioni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Medical School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ioannis","family":"Daniil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Saint Panteleimon General Hospital, Nicea, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evangelia","family":"Voulgari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Medical School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyriaki","family":"Ranellou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Medical School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vasiliki","family":"Koumaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Medical School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandrine","family":"Ghirardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Development Microbiology, bioM\u00e9rieux, La Balme les Grottes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Kimouli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Saint Panteleimon General Hospital, Nicea, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gilles","family":"Zambardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Development Microbiology, bioM\u00e9rieux, La Balme les Grottes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Athanassios","family":"Tsakris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Medical School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02566-10"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0b013e32833b3571"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/590661"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2009.03115.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02277-09"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01672-07"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","first-page":"256","article-title":"Guidance for control of infections with carbapenem-resistant or carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in acute care facilities","volume":"58","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2009","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2009. Guidance for control of infections with carbapenem-resistant or carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in acute care facilities. MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. 58:256\u2013260.","journal-title":"MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2009. Laboratory protocol for detection of carbapenem-resistant or carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella spp. and E. coli from rectal swabs. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta GA. http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/NCIDOD\/DHQP\/pdf\/ar\/Klebsiella_or_Ecoli.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01341-07"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","volume-title":"Approved standard MS100-S20.","author":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute","year":"2010","unstructured":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. 2010. Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing; 20th informational supplement. Approved standard MS100-S20. 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