{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T06:35:31Z","timestamp":1780641331951,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1994,3,1]],"date-time":"1994-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":762480000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Influenza A virus infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Standard diagnostic methods either are not efficient in identifying infected individuals in a timely manner or lack sensitivity. We developed a PCR-enzyme immunoassay (PCR-EIA) for the detection of influenza A virus RNA in respiratory secretions. A reverse transcription PCR was performed with oligonucleotide primers directed at a highly conserved area of the influenza A matrix gene. Amplified DNA was identified by hybridization in solution to a nested biotinylated RNA probe and quantitated in an EIA. PCR-EIA detected small quantities of RNA from the three prevalent subtypes of human influenza A virus. Influenza B and C, parainfluenza, measles, mumps, and respiratory syncytial viruses tested negative. The potential efficiency of PCR-EIA for use in clinical diagnosis was determined by testing 90 nasal wash specimens obtained daily over a 10-day period from nine human volunteers infected with influenza A virus. Thirty-seven of the postinfection samples had detectable influenza A virus RNA by PCR-EIA, whereas only 26 postinfection samples were positive by culture. PCR-EIA was particularly efficient for the identification of influenza A virus in samples obtained more than 4 days after infection. Seventeen of 45 such samples were positive, whereas virus was cultivated from 4 samples (P &lt; 0.00005). All preinfection samples from volunteers subsequently infected with influenza A virus were negative by PCR-EIA, as were samples from a volunteer infected with parainfluenza virus type 3. Nucleic acid amplification techniques represent important tools for the timely and sensitive diagnosis of influenza A virus infections and, therefore, their management and control.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.32.3.623-628.1994","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,6]],"date-time":"2020-01-06T00:02:48Z","timestamp":1578268968000},"page":"623-628","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"title":["Use of PCR-enzyme immunoassay for identification of influenza A virus matrix RNA in clinical samples negative for cultivable virus"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"T","family":"Cherian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L","family":"Bobo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M C","family":"Steinhoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R A","family":"Karron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R H","family":"Yolken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","container-title":["Journal of Clinical Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/jcm.32.3.623-628.1994","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/jcm.32.3.623-628.1994","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,4]],"date-time":"2022-03-04T23:22:10Z","timestamp":1646436130000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/jcm.32.3.623-628.1994"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1994,3]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/jcm.32.3.623-628.1994"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jcm.32.3.623-628.1994","relation":{},"ISSN":["0095-1137","1098-660X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0095-1137","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-660X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1994,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1994-03-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}