{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T16:18:31Z","timestamp":1761581911037},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1998,11,1]],"date-time":"1998-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":909878400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            The genetic analysis of oocysts recovered from the stools of humans and animals infected with\n            <jats:italic>Cryptosporidium parvum<\/jats:italic>\n            has consistently shown the existence of two distinct genotypes. One of the genotypes is found exclusively in some human infections, whereas the other genotype is found in human as well as in animal infections. On the basis of these observations and the results of published epidemiological studies with single polymorphic markers, the existence of two separate transmission cycles has been postulated, one exclusively anthroponotic and the other involving both animals and humans. To test this hypothesis,\n            <jats:italic>C. parvum<\/jats:italic>\n            isolates of different geographic and host origins were analyzed by using unlinked genetic polymorphisms. A total of 28 isolates originating from Europe, North and South America, and Australia were examined. Isolates clustered into two groups, one comprising both human and animal isolates and the other comprising isolates only of human origin. The absence of recombinant genotypes is consistent with two reproductively isolated populations within the species\n            <jats:italic>C. parvum.<\/jats:italic>\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.36.11.3255-3259.1998","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,31]],"date-time":"2019-12-31T17:24:28Z","timestamp":1577813068000},"page":"3255-3259","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":101,"title":["Multilocus Genotypic Analysis of\n            <i>Cryptosporidium parvum<\/i>\n            Isolates from Different Hosts and Geographical Origins"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Furio","family":"Spano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Istituto di Parassitologia, Universita\u0300di Roma \u201cLa Sapienza,\u201d 00185 Rome,1 and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lorenza","family":"Putignani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Istituto di Parassitologia, Universita\u0300di Roma \u201cLa Sapienza,\u201d 00185 Rome,1 and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Crisanti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Istituto di Parassitologia, Universita\u0300di Roma \u201cLa Sapienza,\u201d 00185 Rome,1 and"},{"name":"<!--label omitted: 2-->Department of Biology, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London SW7 2BB, United Kingdom2;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pina","family":"Sallicandro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 3-->Laboratorio di Biologia Cellulare, Istituto Superiore di Sanita\u0300, 00161 Rome,3 Italy;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Una M.","family":"Morgan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 4-->World Health Organization Collaborating Center for the Molecular Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases, Division of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, 6150 Australia4;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sylvie M.","family":"Le Blancq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 5-->Division of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University School of Public Health, New York, New York 100325;"},{"name":"<!--label omitted: 6-->Center for Environmental Research and Conservation, Columbia University, New York, New York 100276; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laurie","family":"Tchack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 7-->Division of Infectious Diseases, Tufts University School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, Massachusetts 015367"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saul","family":"Tzipori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 7-->Division of Infectious Diseases, Tufts University School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, Massachusetts 015367"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Widmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 7-->Division of Infectious Diseases, Tufts University School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, Massachusetts 015367"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000063885"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/cdli.4.1.11-13.1997"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.1996.tb08107.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.62.2.712-716.1996"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.65.9.3958-3960.1997"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0301.970106"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/172.6.1561"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI115774"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-6851(97)00181-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199407213310304"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1995.52.559"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3284275"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182098002765"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0304.970423"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(92)90165-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.61.6.2347-2356.1993"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-4758(90)90378-H"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1551-8833.1996.tb06614.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1097(97)00115-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182096008761"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-6851(97)00243-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","unstructured":"Spano F. L. Putignani S. Guida and A. Crisanti. Cryptosporidium parvum : PCR-RFLP analysis of the TRAP-C1 (thrombospondin-related adhesive protein of Cryptosporidium -1) gene discriminates between two alleles differentially associated with parasite isolates of animal and human origin. Exp. Parasitol. in press."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","unstructured":"Spano F. et al. Unpublished data."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-308X(08)60353-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-6851(96)02647-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-308X(08)60122-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/515373"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/JCM.36.11.3255-3259.1998","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/JCM.36.11.3255-3259.1998","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,4]],"date-time":"2022-03-04T23:31:38Z","timestamp":1646436698000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/JCM.36.11.3255-3259.1998"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1998,11]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/JCM.36.11.3255-3259.1998"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jcm.36.11.3255-3259.1998","relation":{},"ISSN":["0095-1137","1098-660X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0095-1137","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-660X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1998,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1998-04-08","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"1998-07-20","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"1998-11-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}