{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T22:55:29Z","timestamp":1793746529828,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1998,2,1]],"date-time":"1998-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":886291200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Shiga toxigenic\n            <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n            (STEC) comprises a diverse group of organisms capable of causing severe gastrointestinal disease in humans. Within the STEC family, certain strains appear to be of greater virulence for humans, for example, those belonging to serogroups O111 and O157 and those with particular combinations of other putative virulence traits. We have developed two multiplex PCR assays for the detection and genetic characterization of STEC in cultures of feces or foodstuffs. Assay 1 utilizes four PCR primer pairs and detects the presence of\n            <jats:italic>stx<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n            ,\n            <jats:italic>stx<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n            (including variants of\n            <jats:italic>stx<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n            ),\n            <jats:italic>eaeA<\/jats:italic>\n            , and enterohemorrhagic\n            <jats:italic>E. coli hlyA<\/jats:italic>\n            , generating amplification products of 180, 255, 384, and 534 bp, respectively. Assay 2 uses two primer pairs specific for portions of the\n            <jats:italic>rfb<\/jats:italic>\n            (O-antigen-encoding) regions of\n            <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n            serotypes O157 and O111, generating PCR products of 259 and 406 bp, respectively. The two assays were validated by testing 52 previously characterized STEC strains and observing 100% agreement with previous results. Moreover, assay 2 did not give a false-positive O157 reaction with enteropathogenic\n            <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n            strains belonging to clonally related serogroup O55. Assays 1 and 2 detected STEC of the appropriate genotype in primary fecal cultures from five patients with hemolytic-uremic syndrome and three with bloody diarrhea. Thirty-one other primary fecal cultures from patients without evidence of STEC infection were negative.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.36.2.598-602.1998","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,31]],"date-time":"2019-12-31T17:27:18Z","timestamp":1577813238000},"page":"598-602","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":992,"title":["Detection and Characterization of Shiga Toxigenic\n            <i>Escherichia coli<\/i>\n            by Using Multiplex PCR Assays for\n            <i>stx<\/i>\n            <sub>1<\/sub>\n            ,\n            <i>stx<\/i>\n            <sub>2<\/sub>\n            ,\n            <i>eaeA<\/i>\n            , Enterohemorrhagic\n            <i>E. coli hlyA<\/i>\n            ,\n            <i>rfb<\/i>\n            <sub>O111<\/sub>\n            , and\n            <i>rfb<\/i>\n            <sub>O157<\/sub>"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Adrienne W.","family":"Paton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Molecular Microbiology Unit, Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Hospital, North Adelaide, South Australia 5006, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James C.","family":"Paton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Molecular Microbiology Unit, Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Hospital, North Adelaide, South Australia 5006, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/165.5.979"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-1119(95)00459-J"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0890-8508(95)90136-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.31.12.3153-3156.1993"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.31.9.2483-2488.1993"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.33.3.631-635.1995"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.64.11.4795-4801.1996"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.30.7.1801-1806.1992"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/169.1.208"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.33.1.248-250.1995"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00222615-44-4-267"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.33.8.2188-2191.1995"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.35.3.656-662.1997"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.58.12.3809-3815.1992"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.31.5.1268-1274.1993"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","unstructured":"Griffin\nP. M. Escherichia coli O157:H7 and other enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli Infections of the gastrointestinal tract.\nBlaser\nM. J.\nSmith\nP. D.\nRavdin\nJ. I.\nGreenberg\nH. B.\nGuerrant\nR. I.\n1995\n739\n761\nRaven Press\nNew York N.Y"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","unstructured":"Griffin\nP. M.\nBell\nB. P.\nCieslak\nP. R.\nTuttle\nJ.\nBarrett\nT. J.\nDoyle\nM. P.\nMcNamara\nA. M.\nShefer\nA. M.\nWells\nJ. G.\nLarge outbreak of Escherichia coli O157:H7 infections in the western United States: the big picture\nRecent advances in verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli infections.\nKarmali\nM. A.\nGoglio\nA. G.\n1994\n7\n12\nElsevier Science B.V.\nAmsterdam The Netherlands"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.1987.tb02252.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0882-4010(87)90106-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.28.10.2351-2353.1990"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.27.12.2751-2757.1989"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.2.1.15"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.65.7.722"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268800051153"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","unstructured":"Minami\nS.\nOn measures for the control of enterohaemorrhagic E. coli O157 in Japan background paper number 9. WHO Consultation on the Prevention and Control of Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) Infections.\n1997\nWorld Health Organization\nGeneva Switzerland"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/160.6.994"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.31.11.3063-3067.1993"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.34.7.1622-1627.1996"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.65.9.3799-3805.1997"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.28.3.540-545.1990"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0890-8508(92)90060-B"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","unstructured":"Reilly\nW. J.\nVerotoxigenic E. coli O157 in Scotland background paper number 4. 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