{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T14:24:50Z","timestamp":1761920690972},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1998,3,1]],"date-time":"1998-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":888710400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>The adw4 subtype of hepatitis B virus (HBV) belongs to a unique genomic group (genotype F) representing the original HBV strains from the New World. Data regarding the prevalence of this subtype among HBV carriers in South America are, however, scarce, and those concerning HBV genotype F are based on only a few samples from Latin America. In this study, serum samples were obtained from 141 hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carriers from Amerindians and urban populations from Venezuela. The HBsAg subtype was identified with monoclonal antibodies in 105 samples, and the HBV genotype was identified by reverse-phase hybridization with DNA fragments in 58 samples. The adw4 subtype was highly prevalent in the population studied (75%); among the Amerindians, the prevalence was 97%. The adw2 subtype was also present (10%), while other subtypes (ayw3 and ayw4) were only occasionally found. The HBV subtype was associated with the expected genotype in most cases (80%), and thus genotype F was highly prevalent. Sequencing of viral strains that gave genotypes unpredicted by the HBsAg subtyping confirmed seven of them as belonging to not previously described genotype-subtype associations: namely, adw2 and ayw4 within genotype F.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.36.3.648-651.1998","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,31]],"date-time":"2019-12-31T17:27:31Z","timestamp":1577813251000},"page":"648-651","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":71,"title":["Antigenic Diversity of Hepatitis B Virus Strains of Genotype F in Amerindians and Other Population Groups from Venezuela"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Linda","family":"Blitz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Laboratorio Regional de Referencia Virolo\u0301gica, Instituto de Investigaciones Cl\u0131\u0301nicas, LUZ, Maracaibo,1"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Flor H.","family":"Pujol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 2-->Laboratorio de Biolog\u0131\u0301a de Virus, CMBC, IVIC,2 and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul D.","family":"Swenson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 3-->Seattle-King County Department of Public Health, Seattle, Washington3;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leticia","family":"Porto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Laboratorio Regional de Referencia Virolo\u0301gica, Instituto de Investigaciones Cl\u0131\u0301nicas, LUZ, Maracaibo,1"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ricardo","family":"Atencio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Laboratorio Regional de Referencia Virolo\u0301gica, Instituto de Investigaciones Cl\u0131\u0301nicas, LUZ, Maracaibo,1"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mary","family":"Araujo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Laboratorio Regional de Referencia Virolo\u0301gica, Instituto de Investigaciones Cl\u0131\u0301nicas, LUZ, Maracaibo,1"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luciana","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Laboratorio Regional de Referencia Virolo\u0301gica, Instituto de Investigaciones Cl\u0131\u0301nicas, LUZ, Maracaibo,1"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Diana Callejas","family":"Monsalve","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Laboratorio Regional de Referencia Virolo\u0301gica, Instituto de Investigaciones Cl\u0131\u0301nicas, LUZ, Maracaibo,1"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jaime R.","family":"Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 4-->Instituto de Medicina Tropical, UCV,4Caracas, Venezuela;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Howard A.","family":"Fields","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 5-->Hepatitis Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia5;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Steve","family":"Lambert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 5-->Hepatitis Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia5;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"Van Geyt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 6-->Innogenetics, Ghent, Belgium6;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Helene","family":"Norder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 7-->Department of Virology, Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease Control, Stockholm, Sweden7; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lars O.","family":"Magnius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 7-->Department of Virology, Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease Control, Stockholm, Sweden7; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jose\u0301 M.","family":"Echevarri\u0301a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 8-->Instituto de Salud Carlos III, CNMVIS, Majadahonda, Spain8"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lieven","family":"Stuyver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 6-->Innogenetics, Ghent, Belgium6;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9071(199704)51:4<305::AID-JMV8>3.0.CO;2-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/516507"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00034983.1996.11813098"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/174.5.920"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","first-page":"197","article-title":"Distribution of HBsAg subtypes in the world","volume":"44","author":"Courouc\u00e9-Pauty A.-M.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Courouc\u00e9-Pauty A.-M. 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