{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T06:41:36Z","timestamp":1791182496923,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1999,3,1]],"date-time":"1999-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":920246400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>An experimental model that demonstrates a mycoplasma species acting to potentiate a viral pneumonia was developed.<jats:italic>Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae<\/jats:italic>, which produces a chronic, lymphohistiocytic bronchopneumonia in pigs, was found to potentiate the severity and the duration of a virus-induced pneumonia in pigs. Pigs were inoculated with<jats:italic>M. hyopneumoniae<\/jats:italic>21 days prior to, simultaneously with, or 10 days after inoculation with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), which induces an acute interstitial pneumonia in pigs. PRRSV-induced clinical respiratory disease and macroscopic and microscopic pneumonic lesions were more severe and persistent in<jats:italic>M. hyopneumoniae<\/jats:italic>-infected pigs. At 28 or 38 days after PRRSV inoculation,<jats:italic>M. hyopneumoniae<\/jats:italic>-infected pigs still exhibited lesions typical of PRRSV-induced pneumonia, whereas the lungs of pigs which had received only PRRSV were essentially normal. On the basis of macroscopic lung lesions, it appears that PRRSV infection did not influence the severity of<jats:italic>M. hyopneumoniae<\/jats:italic>infection, although microscopic lesions typical of<jats:italic>M. hyopneumoniae<\/jats:italic>were more severe in PRRSV-infected pigs. These results indicate that<jats:italic>M. hyopneumoniae<\/jats:italic>infection potentiates PRRSV-induced disease and lesions. Most importantly,<jats:italic>M. hyopneumoniae<\/jats:italic>-infected pigs with minimal to nondetectable mycoplasmal pneumonia lesions manifested significantly increased PRRSV-induced pneumonia lesions compared to pigs infected with PRRSV only. This discovery is important with respect to the control of respiratory disease in pigs and has implications in elucidating the potential contribution of mycoplasmas in the pathogenesis of viral infections of other species, including humans.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.37.3.620-627.1999","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,31]],"date-time":"2019-12-31T17:43:03Z","timestamp":1577814183000},"page":"620-627","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":267,"title":["<i>Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae<\/i>Potentiation of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus-Induced Pneumonia"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Eileen L.","family":"Thacker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Veterinary Medical Research Institute1 and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick G.","family":"Halbur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 2-->Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine,2 College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard F.","family":"Ross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Veterinary Medical Research Institute1 and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roongroje","family":"Thanawongnuwech","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 2-->Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine,2 College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, and"},{"name":"<!--label omitted: 3-->Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand3"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brad J.","family":"Thacker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 2-->Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine,2 College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","first-page":"1349","article-title":"Diagnosis of mycoplasmal pneumoniae of swine: sequential study by direct immunofluorescence","volume":"45","author":"Amanfu W.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Amanfu W. 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