{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T15:12:44Z","timestamp":1770822764562,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,1,1]],"date-time":"2000-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":946684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            A total of 500 consecutive patients undergoing upper endoscopy were biopsied and tested for\n            <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>\n            infection by the\n            <jats:italic>Campylobacter<\/jats:italic>\n            -like organism (CLO) test, culture, histology, and PCR. Serum samples were tested by two different serological assays. Patients were considered\n            <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>\n            positive if at least two of the four biopsy specimen-based methods yielded positive results. PCR had the highest diagnostic sensitivity (99.4%), followed by histology (92.2%), culture (89.5%), and the CLO test (89.0%). The specificities of all methods were higher than 98%. Of the organisms from the 181 PCR-positive patients, the\n            <jats:italic>vacA<\/jats:italic>\n            (s and m regions),\n            <jats:italic>cagA<\/jats:italic>\n            , and\n            <jats:italic>iceA<\/jats:italic>\n            genotypes were determined by reverse hybridization (line probe assay) or an allele-specific PCR. Organisms that were detected by PCR but that remained undetected by the CLO test were significantly more often\n            <jats:italic>vacA<\/jats:italic>\n            s1 (\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            = 0.006), m1 (\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            = 0.028), and\n            <jats:italic>cagA<\/jats:italic>\n            positive (\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            = 0.029) than\n            <jats:italic>vacA<\/jats:italic>\n            s2, m2, and\n            <jats:italic>cagA<\/jats:italic>\n            negative, respectively. Organisms that were detected by PCR but that remained undetected by culture or histology more often contained\n            <jats:italic>iceA1<\/jats:italic>\n            (\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            = 0.034 and\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            = 0.029, respectively) than\n            <jats:italic>iceA2<\/jats:italic>\n            . Higher\n            <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>\n            density was associated with\n            <jats:italic>vacA<\/jats:italic>\n            s2 (\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            = 0.024),\n            <jats:italic>vacA<\/jats:italic>\n            m2 (\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            = 0.050), and\n            <jats:italic>cagA<\/jats:italic>\n            -negative (\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            = 0.035) genotypes. Also, the diagnostic results of the CLO test (\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            = 0.001) and culture (\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            = 0.031) but not those of the PCR (\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            = 0.130) were significantly associated with the\n            <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>\n            density. The rate of detection by the four biopsy specimen-based tests was lower for patients who used proton pump inhibitors, but this was independent of the\n            <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>\n            genotypes. These observations may be explained by different bacterial densities, as established by the distinct genotypes of\n            <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>\n            , and confirm that the biologies of strains with such genotypes are considerably different.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.38.1.13-17.2000","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,29]],"date-time":"2021-05-29T21:44:29Z","timestamp":1622324669000},"page":"13-17","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["The Efficacy of Laboratory Diagnosis of\n            <i>Helicobacter pylori<\/i>\n            Infections in Gastric Biopsy Specimens Is Related to Bacterial Density and\n            <i>vacA<\/i>\n            ,\n            <i>cagA<\/i>\n            , and\n            <i>iceA<\/i>\n            Genotypes"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Leen-Jan","family":"van Doorn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Delft Diagnostic Laboratory,1"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yvonne","family":"Henskens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 2-->Department of Clinical Chemistry,2"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nathalie","family":"Nouhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Delft Diagnostic Laboratory,1"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anita","family":"Verschuuren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Delft Diagnostic Laboratory,1"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rolf","family":"Vreede","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 3-->Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology,3 and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Herbink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 3-->Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology,3 and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gabrie\u0308lle","family":"Ponjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 2-->Department of Clinical Chemistry,2"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kees","family":"van Krimpen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 4-->Department of Pathology,4 Diagnostic Center SSDZ, and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruud","family":"Blankenburg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 5-->Department of Internal Medicine, R. de Graaf Hospital,5 Delft, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joost","family":"Scherpenisse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 5-->Department of Internal Medicine, R. de Graaf Hospital,5 Delft, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wim","family":"Quint","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Delft Diagnostic Laboratory,1"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.1998.00770.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.40.6.701"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.270.30.17771"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(97)70223-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/07853899509002469"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI119588"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.28.3.495-503.1990"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.25.14648"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.1996.tb02612.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","unstructured":"Cover\nT. 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