{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T15:03:00Z","timestamp":1790521380208,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,1,1]],"date-time":"2000-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":946684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Between January and April 1998, a meningitis outbreak due to serogroup A meningococcus took place in Senegal. The outbreak began in Gandiaye, 165 km to the east of Dakar, and progressed towards the towns of Gossas, Niakkhar, Guinguineo, Fatik, Foundiougne, Dioffior, Sokone, Kaolack, and Nioro. At the same time, the outbreak reached regions of Kaffrine, Koungheul, and Tambacounda in the east of Senegal. A total of 1,350 cases and 200 deaths were reported. The WHO Collaborating Center in Marseilles received 24 strains for analysis. All were serogroup A\n            <jats:italic>Neisseria meningitidis<\/jats:italic>\n            , type 4 and subtype P1.9. Multilocus enzyme electrophoresis, performed by Institut Pasteur Paris, showed that the strains belonged to clone III-1. DNA restriction fragments generated by endonuclease\n            <jats:italic>Bgl<\/jats:italic>\n            II and analyzed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis showed 24 indistinguishable fingerprint patterns similar to those of meningococcus strains isolated from African outbreaks since 1988. Three strains were studied by multilocus sequence typing (MLST) with seven loci. The comparison between sequences and existing alleles on the MLST website (\n            <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/mlst.zoo.ox.ac.uk\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/mlst.zoo.ox.ac.uk<\/jats:ext-link>\n            ) allowed us to assign these strains to sequence type 5 (ST5), as their sequences were identical to the consensus at seven loci. All 24 strains were susceptible to penicillin, amoxicillin, chloramphenicol, and rifampin. Subgroup III is finishing its spread towards west of the meningitis belt of Africa. To our knowledge, this is the first time subgroup III, and more precisely ST5, strains are reported as being responsible for a meningitis outbreak in Senegal.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.38.1.198-200.2000","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,29]],"date-time":"2021-05-29T21:44:29Z","timestamp":1622324669000},"page":"198-200","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["The 1998 Senegal Epidemic of Meningitis Was Due to the Clonal Expansion of A:4:P1.9, Clone III-1, Sequence Type 5\n            <i>Neisseria meningitidis<\/i>\n            Strains"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Pierre","family":"Nicolas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Unite\u0301 du Me\u0301ningocoque, Institut de Me\u0301decine Tropicale du Service de Sante\u0301 des Arme\u0301es, WHO Collaborating Center, BP 46, 13998 Marseille Arme\u0301es,1 and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georges","family":"Raphenon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 2-->Institut Pasteur, BP 220 Dakar,2 and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martine","family":"Guibourdenche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 3-->Unite\u0301 des Neisseria, Centre National de Re\u0301fe\u0301rence, Institut Pasteur, 75 724 Paris Cedex 15,3 France, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurent","family":"Decousset","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Unite\u0301 du Me\u0301ningocoque, Institut de Me\u0301decine Tropicale du Service de Sante\u0301 des Arme\u0301es, WHO Collaborating Center, BP 46, 13998 Marseille Arme\u0301es,1 and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Stor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Unite\u0301 du Me\u0301ningocoque, Institut de Me\u0301decine Tropicale du Service de Sante\u0301 des Arme\u0301es, WHO Collaborating Center, BP 46, 13998 Marseille Arme\u0301es,1 and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abou Beckr","family":"Gaye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 4-->Me\u0301decin-Chef du Service National des Grandes Ende\u0301mies, Ministe\u0300re de la Sante\u0301 Publique et de l'Action Sociale, Dakar,4 Se\u0301ne\u0301gal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","unstructured":"Abdillahi\nH.\nMonoclonal antibodies and Neisseria meningitidis.\n1988Typing and subtyping for epidemiological surveillance and vaccine development. 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