{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T10:32:49Z","timestamp":1777545169432,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,1,1]],"date-time":"2000-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":946684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>We developed a highly sensitive PCR method that enables the diagnosis and posttherapeutic follow-up of visceral leishmaniasis with patient blood. The PCR assay was thoroughly optimized by successive procedural refinements to increase its sensitivity and specificity. It was compared to in vitro cultivation as well as to direct examination of bone marrow and to serology. Two hundred thirty-seven patients presenting with clinical signs compatible with visceral leishmaniasis were included in the study. Thirty-six were diagnosed as having Mediterranean visceral leishmaniasis (MVL). Twenty-three of them, including 19 AIDS patients, were monitored during and after treatment over a period from 2 weeks to 3 years. Our PCR assay proved more sensitive than in vitro cultivation, direct examination, and serology for all patients. It is simple and can be adapted to routine hospital diagnostic procedures. For the primary diagnosis of MVL, the sensitivity of PCR versus that of cultivation was 97 versus 55% with peripheral blood and 100 versus 81% with bone marrow samples. Regarding posttherapeutic follow-up, overall, 48% of positive samples were detected by PCR only. Seven patients presented with a clinical relapse during the study; six relapses were detected at first by PCR only, sometimes a few weeks before the reappearance of signs or symptoms. We conclude that an optimized and well-mastered PCR assay with a peripheral blood sample is sufficient to provide a secure diagnosis for all immunocompromised patients and most immunocompetent patients. We also suggest systematic posttherapeutic monitoring by PCR with peripheral blood for immunocompromised patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.38.1.236-240.2000","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,29]],"date-time":"2021-05-29T21:44:29Z","timestamp":1622324669000},"page":"236-240","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":109,"title":["Optimized PCR Using Patient Blood Samples For Diagnosis and Follow-Up of Visceral Leishmaniasis, with Special Reference to AIDS Patients"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Laurence","family":"Lachaud","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie et Centre National de Re\u0301fe\u0301rence sur les Leishmanioses,1"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jacques","family":"Dereure","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie et Centre National de Re\u0301fe\u0301rence sur les Leishmanioses,1"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elisabeth","family":"Chabbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie et Centre National de Re\u0301fe\u0301rence sur les Leishmanioses,1"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jacques","family":"Reynes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 2-->Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales,2 and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jean-Marc","family":"Mauboussin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 3-->Service de Pneumologie-Me\u0301decine Interne A, Centre Hospitalier-Universitaire, 30000 N\u0131\u0302mes,3 France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Oziol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 4-->Service de Me\u0301decine Interne A,4 Centre Hospitalier-Universitaire, 34000 Montpellier, and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jean-Pierre","family":"Dedet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie et Centre National de Re\u0301fe\u0301rence sur les Leishmanioses,1"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Bastien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie et Centre National de Re\u0301fe\u0301rence sur les Leishmanioses,1"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(95)90416-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.10.2.298"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.1997.tb00166.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-4758(92)90249-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-6851(91)90116-N"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clind\/24.4.684"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.34.7.1831-1833.1996"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","unstructured":"Dedet\nJ. P.\nPratlong\nF.\nLambert\nM.\nBastien\nP.\nLeishmanioses et immunod\u00e9pression\nLes Leishmanioses.\nDedet\nJ. P.\n1999\n179\n190\nEllipses\nParis France"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.36.1.315-316.1998"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","first-page":"203","article-title":"Haemoculture as a tool for diagnosing visceral leishmaniasis in HIV-negative and HIV-positive patients: interest for parasite identification","volume":"76","author":"Dereure J.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Dereure J. Pratlong F. Reynes J. Basset D. Bastien P. Dedet J. P. Haemoculture as a tool for diagnosing visceral leishmaniasis in HIV-negative and HIV-positive patients: interest for parasite identification.Bull. W. H. O.761998203206","journal-title":"Bull. W. H. O."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","first-page":"245","article-title":"Visceral leishmaniasis in HIV-infected patients in the south of France","volume":"73","author":"Dereure J.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Dereure J. Reynes J. Pratlong F. Lamaury I. Rioux J. A. Janbon F. Dedet J. P. Visceral leishmaniasis in HIV-infected patients in the south of France.Bull. W. H. O.731995245246","journal-title":"Bull. W. H. O."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-6851(98)00009-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","first-page":"91","article-title":"Leishmaniasis in AIDS patients: result of leukocytoconcentration, a fast biological method of diagnosis","volume":"74","author":"Izri M. A.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Izri M. A. Deniau M. Bri\u00e8re M. Rivollet D. Petithory J. C. Houin R. Rousset J. J. Leishmaniasis in AIDS patients: result of leukocytoconcentration, a fast biological method of diagnosis.Bull. W. H. O.7419969193","journal-title":"Bull. W. H. O."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.36.8.2173-2177.1998"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.33.4.937-939.1995"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199302000-00011"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.33.5.1145-1149.1995"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199310000-00023"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","unstructured":"Moreno\nG.\nRioux\nJ. A.\nLanotte\nG.\nPratlong\nF.\nSerres\nE.\nLe complexe Leishmania donovani s.1. Analyse enzymatique et traitement num\u00e9rique. Individualisation du complexe L. infantum . A propos de 146 souches originaires de l'Ancien et du Nouveau Monde\nLeishmania. Taxonomy and phylogeny.\nRioux\nJ. A.\n1986\n105\n117\nInstitut M\u00e9diterran\u00e9en d'Etudes Epid\u00e9miologiques et Ecologiques\nMontpellier France"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/171.3.751"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(98)91063-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.32.3.746-749.1994"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199604000-00022"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01591371"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.36.9.2419-2422.1998"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000080859"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2999980"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(95)90081-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000074096"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-6851(89)90019-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-6851(92)90208-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(92)90086-R"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/JCM.38.1.236-240.2000","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/JCM.38.1.236-240.2000","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,5]],"date-time":"2022-03-05T00:29:43Z","timestamp":1646440183000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/JCM.38.1.236-240.2000"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2000,1]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/JCM.38.1.236-240.2000"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jcm.38.1.236-240.2000","relation":{},"ISSN":["0095-1137","1098-660X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0095-1137","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-660X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2000,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1999-05-17","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"1999-09-22","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2000-01-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}