{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T16:15:41Z","timestamp":1772813741027,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,1,1]],"date-time":"2000-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":946684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            We used PCR assays to determine the etiology of genital ulcers in patients presenting to a sexually transmitted disease clinic in Dakar, Senegal, and evaluated the ability of two PCR tests (\n            <jats:italic>groEL<\/jats:italic>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>recD<\/jats:italic>\n            ) and two serological tests (adsorption enzyme immunoassay [EIA] and lipooligosaccharide [LOS] EIA) to detect current\n            <jats:italic>Haemophilus ducreyi<\/jats:italic>\n            infection. We found that in this population,\n            <jats:italic>H. ducreyi<\/jats:italic>\n            ,\n            <jats:italic>T. pallidum<\/jats:italic>\n            , and herpes simplex virus HSV DNA were detected in 56, 15, and 13% of 39 genital ulcer specimens, respectively, and\n            <jats:italic>H. ducreyi<\/jats:italic>\n            DNA was detected in 60% (3 of 5) of samples from ulcerated bubos. Among 40 consecutive patients with genital ulcer disease and with sufficient sample for both PCR assays, the\n            <jats:italic>recD<\/jats:italic>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>groEL H. ducreyi<\/jats:italic>\n            PCR assays were 83% concordant, with the\n            <jats:italic>recD<\/jats:italic>\n            PCR assay detecting six (15%) additional positive specimens and the\n            <jats:italic>groEL<\/jats:italic>\n            assay detecting one (3%) additional positive specimen. Compared to PCR, the adsorption EIA and LOS EIA tests had sensitivities of 71 and 59% and specificities of 57 and 90%, respectively, for the diagnosis of current\n            <jats:italic>H. ducreyi<\/jats:italic>\n            infection. While these differences in specificity could be due either to previous infection with\n            <jats:italic>H. ducreyi<\/jats:italic>\n            or to the detection of cross-reacting antibodies, only 6% of patients from a nearby family planning clinic gave a positive reaction in both the adsorption EIA and LOS EIA assays, indicating that cross-reacting antibodies are not prevalent among clinic attendees in this city. Our studies indicate that the adsorption EIA detects both current and past infection, while the LOS EIA assay is more specific for current infection with\n            <jats:italic>H. ducreyi<\/jats:italic>\n            in this population.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.38.1.268-273.2000","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,29]],"date-time":"2021-05-29T21:44:29Z","timestamp":1622324669000},"page":"268-273","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Etiology of Genital Ulcer Disease in Dakar, Senegal, and Comparison of PCR and Serologic Assays for Detection of\n            <i>Haemophilus ducreyi<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Patricia A.","family":"Totten","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Departments of Medicine1 and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jane M.","family":"Kuypers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 2-->Pathology,2 University of Washington, Seattle, Washington;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cheng-Yen","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 3-->Division of AIDS, STD, and TB Laboratory Research, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia3;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michelle J.","family":"Alfa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 4-->Department of Microbiology, St. Boniface General Hospital, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada4; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Linda M.","family":"Parsons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 5-->Wadsworth Center, Division of Infectious Diseases, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York5"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susan M.","family":"Dutro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Departments of Medicine1 and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephen A.","family":"Morse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 3-->Division of AIDS, STD, and TB Laboratory Research, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia3;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nancy B.","family":"Kiviat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 2-->Pathology,2 University of Washington, Seattle, Washington;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/167.5.1206"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007435-199211000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2836(05)80360-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","unstructured":"Ballard\nR.\nMorse\nS. 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Morse S. A. Dangor Y. Fehler G. Radebe F. Trees D. L. Beck-Sague C. M. Ballard R. C. Comparison of clinically directed, disease specific, and syndromic protocols for the management of genital ulcer disease in Lesotho.Sex. Transm. Infect.74 (Suppl. 1)1998S23S28","journal-title":"Sex. Transm. Infect."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007435-199401000-00004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/515664"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/175.3.583"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.34.1.49-54.1996"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","first-page":"67","article-title":"Detection of Treponema pallidum, Haemophilus ducreyi, and herpes simplex virus by multiplex PCR","volume":"20","author":"Orle K. A.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Orle K. A. Weiss J. B. Detection of Treponema pallidum, Haemophilus ducreyi, and herpes simplex virus by multiplex PCR Methods in molecular medicine Peeling R. W. Sparling P. F. 20. Sexually transmitted diseases: methods and protocols 1999 67 79 Humana Press Totowa, N.J","journal-title":"Methods in molecular medicine"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0732-8893(95)00172-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/163.2.233"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007435-199705000-00006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007435-199401000-00008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/21.6.1456"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-119-12-199312150-00005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0196-4399(96)83917-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1385\/0-89603-535-2:47"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007435-199219020-00001"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/JCM.38.1.268-273.2000","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/JCM.38.1.268-273.2000","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,5]],"date-time":"2022-03-05T00:32:58Z","timestamp":1646440378000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/JCM.38.1.268-273.2000"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2000,1]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/JCM.38.1.268-273.2000"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jcm.38.1.268-273.2000","relation":{},"ISSN":["0095-1137","1098-660X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0095-1137","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-660X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2000,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1999-04-09","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"1999-09-20","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2000-01-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}