{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T06:52:23Z","timestamp":1778568743141,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,2,1]],"date-time":"2000-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":949363200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            A PCR-based protocol for the detection of\n            <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic>\n            (\n            <jats:italic>Viannia<\/jats:italic>\n            ) parasites in canine blood, buffy coat, and bone marrow was developed and was then tested with field samples taken from a random sample of 545 dogs from villages in Peru where\n            <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic>\n            (\n            <jats:italic>Viannia<\/jats:italic>\n            )\n            <jats:italic>braziliensis<\/jats:italic>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic>\n            (\n            <jats:italic>Viannia<\/jats:italic>\n            )\n            <jats:italic>peruviana<\/jats:italic>\n            are endemic. Comparative tests with cultured parasites mixed with dog blood showed that the PCR assay's sensitivity was significantly dependent on the DNA extraction protocol and the PCR primers used. Mass screening of field samples by the preferred PCR protocol detected American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) in 44 of 545 (8.1%) dogs; 31 of 402 (7.7%), 20 of 223 (9.0%), and 8 of 46 (17.4%) were PCR positive when whole blood, buffy coat, and bone marrow aspirates, respectively, were tested. The high prevalence of\n            <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic>\n            in both asymptomatic (7.6%) and symptomatic (18.0%) dogs provides further circumstantial evidence for their suspected role as reservoir hosts of ACL and indicates that hematogenous dissemination of parasites may be a more common pathological phenomenon than has previously been acknowledged. However, unlike for zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis, the comparatively low prevalence of\n            <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic>\n            (\n            <jats:italic>Viannia<\/jats:italic>\n            ) in the blood of symptomatic dogs indicates that PCR with blood cannot be the \u201cgold standard\u201d for the (mass) screening of samples in epidemiological studies.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.38.2.748-751.2000","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,31]],"date-time":"2019-12-31T17:52:54Z","timestamp":1577814774000},"page":"748-751","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["Use of PCR To Detect\n            <i>Leishmania<\/i>\n            (\n            <i>Viannia<\/i>\n            ) spp. in Dog Blood and Bone Marrow"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Richard","family":"Reithinger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Disease Control &amp; Vector Biology, Department of Infectious &amp; Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene &amp; Tropical Medicine, GB-London WC1E 7HT,1 and"},{"name":"<!--label omitted: 2-->Molteno Institute for Parasitology, Department of Pathology, Cambridge University, GB-Cambridge CB2 1QP, United Kingdom2"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bronwen E.","family":"Lambson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 2-->Molteno Institute for Parasitology, Department of Pathology, Cambridge University, GB-Cambridge CB2 1QP, United Kingdom2"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Douglas C.","family":"Barker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 2-->Molteno Institute for Parasitology, Department of Pathology, Cambridge University, GB-Cambridge CB2 1QP, United Kingdom2"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Clive R.","family":"Davies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Disease Control &amp; Vector Biology, Department of Infectious &amp; Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene &amp; Tropical Medicine, GB-London WC1E 7HT,1 and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9975(96)80088-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1995.53.251"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-6851(91)90116-N"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1998.58.102"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.34.4.980-982.1996"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","first-page":"201","article-title":"A comparative study of diagnosis by the polymerase chain reaction and by current clinical methods using biopsies from Columbian patients with suspected leishmaniasis","volume":"44","author":"De Bruijn M. 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