{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T19:12:05Z","timestamp":1783797125866,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,2,1]],"date-time":"2000-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":949363200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Trichomonas vaginalis<\/jats:italic>\n            is a globally common sexually transmitted human parasite. Many strains of\n            <jats:italic>T. vaginalis<\/jats:italic>\n            from around the world have been described to be resistant to the current drug of choice, metronidazole. However, only a few cases of metronidazole resistance have been reported from Europe. The resistant strains cause prolonged infections which are difficult to treat.\n            <jats:italic>T. vaginalis<\/jats:italic>\n            infection also increases the risk for human immunodeficiency virus transmission. We present a practical method for determining the resistance of\n            <jats:italic>T. vaginalis<\/jats:italic>\n            to 5-nitroimidazoles. The suggested method was developed by determining the MICs and minimal lethal concentrations (MLCs) of metronidazole and ornidazole for\n            <jats:italic>T. vaginalis<\/jats:italic>\n            under various aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Using this assay we have found the first three metronidazole-resistant strains from Finland, although the origin of at least one of the strains seems to be Russia. Analysis of the patient-derived and previously characterized isolates showed that metronidazole-resistant strains were also resistant to ornidazole, and MLCs for all strains tested correlated well with the MICs. The suggested MICs of metronidazole for differentiation of sensitive and resistant isolates are &gt;75 \u03bcg\/ml in an aerobic 24-h assay and &gt;15 \u03bcg\/ml in an anaerobic 48-h assay.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.38.2.763-767.2000","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,31]],"date-time":"2019-12-31T17:52:55Z","timestamp":1577814775000},"page":"763-767","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["Resistance of\n            <i>Trichomonas vaginalis<\/i>\n            to Metronidazole: Report of the First Three Cases from Finland and Optimization of In Vitro Susceptibility Testing under Various Oxygen Concentrations"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Taru","family":"Meri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Haartman Institute and HD Laboratories, University and University Central Hospital of Helsinki,1 and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T. Sakari","family":"Jokiranta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Haartman Institute and HD Laboratories, University and University Central Hospital of Helsinki,1 and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauri","family":"Suhonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 2-->Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peijas Hospital, Vantaa,2 Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seppo","family":"Meri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Haartman Institute and HD Laboratories, University and University Central Hospital of Helsinki,1 and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","first-page":"132","article-title":"An in vitro metronidazole susceptibility test for trichomoniasis using the InPouch TV test","volume":"72","author":"Borchardt K. 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