{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T11:28:36Z","timestamp":1789903716076,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,3,1]],"date-time":"2000-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":951868800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            In this study, we evaluated three PCR methods for epidemiological typing of\n            <jats:italic>Francisella tularensis<\/jats:italic>\n            : repetitive extragenic palindromic element PCR (REP-PCR), enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus sequence PCR (ERIC-PCR), and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) assay with both M13 and T3-T7 primers. The analysis was performed with 40 strains of\n            <jats:italic>F. tularensis<\/jats:italic>\n            isolated from hares, humans, ticks, and a vole. On the basis of the combination of REP, ERIC, and RAPD fingerprints,\n            <jats:italic>F. tularensis<\/jats:italic>\n            strains were divided into 17 genetic groups (designated A to Q), and one\n            <jats:italic>Francisella novicida<\/jats:italic>\n            strain was classified in group R. The\n            <jats:italic>F. novicida<\/jats:italic>\n            strain is of special concern, since previous genetic methods have been unable to clearly distinguish between\n            <jats:italic>F. tularensis<\/jats:italic>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>F. novicida<\/jats:italic>\n            . The\n            <jats:italic>F. tularensis<\/jats:italic>\n            isolates recovered from hares were included in groups A to J, M, and P; those recovered from humans were included in groups A, D, G, J, L, O, and N; those isolated from ticks were included in groups B and Q; and that recovered from a vole was in group K. The diversities calculated for the 40\n            <jats:italic>F. tularensis<\/jats:italic>\n            isolates, according to Simpson's index, were 0.14 for REP-PCR, 0.52 for ERIC-PCR, 0.39 for RAPD assay with the M13 primer (RAPD\/M13-PCR), and 0.65 for RAPD\/T3-T7-PCR, and the diversity increased up to 0.90 when ERIC-PCR, RAPD\/M13-PCR, and RAPD\/T3-T7-PCR were combined. Our results suggest that although limited genetic heterogeneity among\n            <jats:italic>F. tularensis<\/jats:italic>\n            strains was observed, this small variation is enough to validate the PCR methods used in this study and their combinations, because they can provide safe, useful, and rapid tools for the typing of\n            <jats:italic>F. tularensis<\/jats:italic>\n            .\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.38.3.1016-1022.2000","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,31]],"date-time":"2019-12-31T17:53:43Z","timestamp":1577814823000},"page":"1016-1022","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":75,"title":["Comparison of Different PCR Approaches for Typing of\n            <i>Francisella tularensis<\/i>\n            Strains"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"V. A.","family":"de la Puente-Redondo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Section of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Leo\u0301n,1 and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N. Garci\u0301a","family":"del Blanco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Section of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Leo\u0301n,1 and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C. B.","family":"Gutie\u0301rrez-Marti\u0301n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Section of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Leo\u0301n,1 and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F. J.","family":"Garci\u0301a-Pen\u0303a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 2-->Central Laboratory of Animal Health, Algete, Madrid,2 Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E. F. Rodri\u0301guez","family":"Ferri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Section of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Leo\u0301n,1 and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","first-page":"789","article-title":"Preliminary report of an epidemic tularemia outbreak in Valladolid","volume":"198","author":"Bachiller Luque P.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Bachiller Luque P. P\u00e9rez Castrill\u00f3n J. L. Mart\u0131\u0301n Luquero M. Mena Mart\u0131\u0301n F. J. de la Lama L\u00f3pez-Areal J. P\u00e9rez Pascual P. Maz\u00f3n M. A. Herreros Guilarte V. 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