{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,10]],"date-time":"2026-11-10T15:03:09Z","timestamp":1794322989792,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,3,1]],"date-time":"2000-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":951868800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Three touchdown enzyme time release (TETR)-PCR assays were used to amplify different DNA sequences in the variable regions of the 16S and 16S-23S spacer rRNA genes specific for\n            <jats:italic>Chlamydia trachomatis<\/jats:italic>\n            ,\n            <jats:italic>Chlamydia pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n            , and\n            <jats:italic>Chlamydia psittaci<\/jats:italic>\n            as improved tests for sensitive diagnosis and rapid species differentiation. The TETR-PCR protocol used 60 cycles of amplification, which provided improved analytical sensitivity (0.004 to 0.063 inclusion-forming unit of\n            <jats:italic>Chlamydia<\/jats:italic>\n            species per PCR). The sensitivity of TETR-PCR with primer set CTR 70-CTR 71 was 96.7%, and the specificity was 99.6%, compared to those of the AMPLICOR PCR for the detection of\n            <jats:italic>C. trachomatis<\/jats:italic>\n            in vaginal swab samples. TETR-PCR for\n            <jats:italic>C. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n            with primer set CPN 90-CPN 91 was 90% sensitive and 93.3% specific compared with a nested PCR with primer set CP1\/2-CPC\/D for clinical respiratory samples. TETR-PCR for\n            <jats:italic>C. psittaci<\/jats:italic>\n            with primer set CPS 100-CPS 101 showed substantial agreement with cell culturing (\u03ba, 0.78) for animal tissue samples. Primer sets were then combined into a single multiplex TETR-PCR test. The respective 315-, 195-, and 111-bp DNA target products were precisely amplified when DNA from each of the respective\n            <jats:italic>Chlamydia<\/jats:italic>\n            species or combinations of them was used. Multiplex chlamydia TETR-PCR correctly identified one strain of each of the 15 serovars of\n            <jats:italic>C. trachomatis<\/jats:italic>\n            , 22 isolates of\n            <jats:italic>C. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n            , and 20 isolates of\n            <jats:italic>C. psittaci<\/jats:italic>\n            . The primer sets were specific for each species. No target products were amplified when DNA from\n            <jats:italic>C. pecorum<\/jats:italic>\n            or a variety of other microorganisms was tested for specificity. TETR-PCR with primers selected for specific sequences in the 16S and 16S-23S spacer rRNA genes is a valuable test that could be used either with individual primers or in a multiplex assay for the identification and differentiation of\n            <jats:italic>Chlamydia<\/jats:italic>\n            species from culture isolates or for the detection of chlamydiae in clinical samples.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.38.3.1085-1093.2000","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,31]],"date-time":"2019-12-31T17:53:55Z","timestamp":1577814835000},"page":"1085-1093","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":145,"title":["Touchdown Enzyme Time Release-PCR for Detection and Identification of\n            <i>Chlamydia trachomatis<\/i>\n            ,\n            <i>C. pneumoniae<\/i>\n            , and\n            <i>C. psittaci<\/i>\n            Using the 16S and 16S-23S Spacer rRNA Genes"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Guillermo","family":"Madico","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Division of Infectious Diseases, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland1;"},{"name":"<!--label omitted: 2-->Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland2; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas C.","family":"Quinn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Division of Infectious Diseases, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland1;"},{"name":"<!--label omitted: 2-->Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland2; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jens","family":"Boman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 3-->Ume\u00e5 University, Ume\u00e5, Sweden3"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charlotte A.","family":"Gaydos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Division of Infectious Diseases, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland1;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.31.11.3013-3016.1993"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02276060"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.28.9.1968-1973.1990"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(91)91502-L"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/516492"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.30.2.434-439.1992"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/16.23.11141"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/161.1.124"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.36.2.391-394.1998"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/19.14.4008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00207713-47-2-461"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","unstructured":"Feinstein\nA.\nClinical epidemiology.\n1985\nThe W. 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