{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T07:06:46Z","timestamp":1767164806295,"version":"build-2238731810"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,6,1]],"date-time":"2000-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":959817600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Streptococcus pyogenes<\/jats:italic>\n                    , a major human pathogen, is still considered susceptible to beta-lactams, but for other relevant antibiotics, highly variable resistance rates have been reported. Since no data were available from Iran, we tested 1,335 throat isolates from two different regions of the country for their antibiotic susceptibilities and, for comparison, a collection of 80 strains isolated from 1989 to 1991. Erythromycin resistance was uncommon (0.6%), whereas an overall high rate of tetracycline resistance was found, increasing between 1989\u20131991 and 1995\u20131997 from 23 to 42%. The tetracycline-resistant strains belonged to more than 10 different T types, the majority being types 4, 11, and B3264. By conventional M typing of 406 tetracycline-resistant isolates, more than 20 different M types were found. Approximately 50% of the strains were nontypeable by T agglutination as well as serological M typing; however, by genotyping by a combined PCR\u2013capture-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, many of these strains were successfully\n                    <jats:italic>emm<\/jats:italic>\n                    typed. We conclude that the high rate of tetracycline resistance among Iranian\n                    <jats:italic>S. pyogenes<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates is due to multiclonal dissemination of resistance within the streptococcal population rather than epidemic spread of single clones.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.38.6.2103-2107.2000","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,9]],"date-time":"2020-03-09T15:46:58Z","timestamp":1583768818000},"page":"2103-2107","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["High Rate of Tetracycline Resistance in\n                    <i>Streptococcus pyogenes<\/i>\n                    in Iran: an Epidemiological Study"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"A.","family":"Jasir","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Department of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology, University of Lund, Lund, Sweden1;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Tanna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 2-->Respiratory and Systemic Infection Laboratory, Central Public Health Laboratory, London, United Kingdom2; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Noorani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 3-->Department of Medical Microbiology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences &amp; Health Services, Tehran, Iran3"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Mirsalehian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 3-->Department of Medical Microbiology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences &amp; Health Services, Tehran, Iran3"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Efstratiou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 2-->Respiratory and Systemic Infection Laboratory, Central Public Health Laboratory, London, United Kingdom2; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Schalen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Department of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology, University of Lund, Lund, Sweden1;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.34.4.953-958.1996"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","first-page":"13","article-title":"Study of antibiotic sensitivity of Streptococcus pyogenes isolated in the hospital milieu","volume":"53","author":"el Bour M.","year":"1993","unstructured":"el Bour M. Fendri C. Ben Hassen A. Kamoun A. Boudabbous A. Ben Redjeb S. Study of antibiotic sensitivity of Streptococcus pyogenes isolated in the hospital milieu.Med. Trop.5319931317 (In French.)","journal-title":"Med. Trop."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","first-page":"919","article-title":"Antibiotic sensitivity and serotypes of group A hemolytic streptococci isolated from clinical specimens and healthy pupils in Japan, 1986\u20131988","volume":"65","author":"Endo M.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Endo M. Kashiwagi Y. Okuno R. Amano Y. Onogawa T. Antibiotic sensitivity and serotypes of group A hemolytic streptococci isolated from clinical specimens and healthy pupils in Japan, 1986\u20131988.J. Jpn. Assoc. Infect. Dis.651991919927","journal-title":"J. Jpn. Assoc. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","first-page":"10","article-title":"Resistance to erythromycin and tetracycline in streptococci groups A, B and D","volume":"5","author":"Etemadi H.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Etemadi H. Melakneghad P. Fatolahzadeh B. Ja\u00e4fari A. Farahi F. Khadabakshi N. Resistance to erythromycin and tetracycline in streptococci groups A, B and D.Paghohesh Elmi (Sci. Res.)519921012 (In Persian.)","journal-title":"Paghohesh Elmi (Sci. Res.)"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-199412000-00001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","first-page":"334","article-title":"Microbiological and epidemiological study of streptococcal sore throat at a children's clinic: a one-year study","volume":"7","author":"Gharagozloo R.","year":"1976","unstructured":"Gharagozloo R. Jamshidi M. S. Ghadimi H. Microbiological and epidemiological study of streptococcal sore throat at a children's clinic: a one-year study.Pahlavi Med. J.71976334343","journal-title":"Pahlavi Med. J."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","first-page":"347","article-title":"The throat carrier rate of group A and other beta-hemolytic streptococci among patients in general practice","volume":"93","author":"Hoffman S.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Hoffman S. The throat carrier rate of group A and other beta-hemolytic streptococci among patients in general practice.Acta Pathol. Microbiol. Immunol. Scand. Sect. B931985347351","journal-title":"Acta Pathol. Microbiol. Immunol. Scand. Sect. B"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00365549009037900"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","unstructured":"Jasir A. A. Noorani A. Mir-Salehian and C. Schal\u00e9n. Isolation rates of Streptococcus pyogenes in patients with acute pharyngotonsillitis and among healthy school children. Epidemiol. Infect. in press."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/41.1.135"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","unstructured":"Johnson\nD. R.\nLaboratory diagnosis of group A streptococcal infections.\n1996\nWorld Health Organization\nGeneva Switzerland"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.12.2.163"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.4893.914"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.1979.02130110051007"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","unstructured":"National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards\nApproved standard M2-A5. Performance standards for antimicrobial disk susceptibility test\n4th ed.\n1994\nNational Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards\nWayne Pa"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","first-page":"86","article-title":"Antibiotic resistance to erythromycin, clindamycin and tetracycline of 573 strains of Streptococcus pyogenes","volume":"14","author":"Orden B.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Orden B. Martinez R. Lopez de los Mozos A. Franco A. Antibiotic resistance to erythromycin, clindamycin and tetracycline of 573 strains of Streptococcus pyogenes.Enferm. Infecc. Microbiol. Clin.1419968689","journal-title":"Enferm. Infecc. Microbiol. Clin."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00365549609049065"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","unstructured":"Research Group of the Institute of Hygiene\nTehran\nThe danger of prophylactic usage of antibiotics and chemotherapeutics in animal foods. No. 1924.\n1991\nTehran University and Institute of Hygiene\nTehran Iran (In Iranian.)"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0966-842X(94)90610-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","unstructured":"Saadatfar\nZ.\nA survey of tetracycline resistance in bacteria due to overuse of the drug in poultry production. Thesis no. 1716.\n1988\nTehran University\nTehran Iran (In Persian.)"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.35.10.2689-2691.1997"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199708143370701"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199201303260503"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/32.6.885"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.33.11.2850-2855.1995"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00365548809032477"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01575115"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/JCM.38.6.2103-2107.2000","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/JCM.38.6.2103-2107.2000","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,4]],"date-time":"2022-03-04T19:42:18Z","timestamp":1646422938000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/JCM.38.6.2103-2107.2000"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2000,6]]},"references-count":27,"aliases":["10.1128\/.38.6.2103-2107.2000"],"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/JCM.38.6.2103-2107.2000"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jcm.38.6.2103-2107.2000","relation":{},"ISSN":["0095-1137","1098-660X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0095-1137","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-660X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2000,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2000-01-14","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2000-03-14","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2000-06-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}