{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T19:03:31Z","timestamp":1785179011395,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,7,1]],"date-time":"2000-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":962409600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Trichomonas vaginalis<\/jats:italic>\n            remains the most common sexually transmitted parasite in the world and is considered a major risk factor in the transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus. A PCR technique using primers targeting a specific region of the 18S rRNA gene of\n            <jats:italic>T. vaginalis<\/jats:italic>\n            was developed. The PCR test was standardized using 15 reference strains, giving a single product of 312 bp in all strains. No amplification was observed when DNA from related organisms or human DNA was used as a target. The test was evaluated on 372 vaginal swab specimens and 361 urine samples from women attending infertility and obstetric clinics at two separate hospitals in Lima, Peru. Compared to\n            <jats:italic>T. vaginalis<\/jats:italic>\n            culture, the overall sensitivity and specificity of PCR of vaginal swab samples was 100% and 98%, respectively. The PCR of urine samples was 100% sensitive and 99.7% specific compared to culture of vaginal swab, but the sensitivity drops to 83.3% when compared to PCR of vaginal swabs. All culture-positive samples were found to be positive by PCR in either urine or vaginal secretion. None of the PCR-negative samples were positive by culture. The origin of the amplification was confirmed by digestion of PCR products with\n            <jats:italic>Hae<\/jats:italic>\n            III. This PCR assay, which is easy to perform and has a high sensitivity and specificity, should be useful for routine diagnosis of\n            <jats:italic>T. vaginalis<\/jats:italic>\n            infection.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.38.7.2683-2687.2000","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,31]],"date-time":"2019-12-31T17:57:08Z","timestamp":1577815028000},"page":"2683-2687","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":86,"title":["18S Ribosomal DNA-Based PCR for Diagnosis of\n            <i>Trichomonas vaginalis<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Holger","family":"Mayta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Infectious Diseases Research Laboratory, Department of Pathology,1 and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert H.","family":"Gilman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Infectious Diseases Research Laboratory, Department of Pathology,1 and"},{"name":"<!--label omitted: 3-->Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, and A. B. PRISMA,3"},{"name":"<!--label omitted: 2-->Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland2"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maritza M.","family":"Calderon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Infectious Diseases Research Laboratory, Department of Pathology,1 and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aren","family":"Gottlieb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 4-->Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York4; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giselle","family":"Soto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 3-->Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, and A. B. PRISMA,3"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iskra","family":"Tuero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 5-->Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Physiological Sciences,5"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sixto","family":"Sanchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 6-->Hospital Dos de Mayo,6 and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aldo","family":"Vivar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 3-->Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, and A. B. PRISMA,3"},{"name":"<!--label omitted: 7-->Hospital Arzobispo Loayza,7 Lima, Peru;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(96)70682-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182097001212"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/141.2.137"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.25.7.1275-1279.1987"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003081-199303000-00020"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003081-199303000-00019"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/24.5.985"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Honigberg\nB. 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