{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T16:08:08Z","timestamp":1762272488991},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,8,1]],"date-time":"2000-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":965088000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>To date the true prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) mixed-genotype infections has not been established mainly because currently available methods are not suitable for the detection of mixed genotypes in a viral population. A novel semiautomated genotyping method, primer-specific and mispair extension analysis (S-PSMEA), which is more reliable than other genotyping assays was developed for detection of HCV mixed-genotype infections. A genotype present at levels as low as 0.8% in a defined mix of HCV genotypes was detected, showing a 20-fold increase in sensitivity over that of direct DNA sequencing. A total of 434 HCV isolates were genotyped and analyzed for a comparative study of the accuracy between S-PSMEA and four current genotyping methods. The results showed that viruses in approximately 40% of the samples from this group determined to be infected with mixed genotypes by S-PSMEA were undetected by direct DNA sequencing due to its low sensitivity. Type-specific PCR, line probe assay, and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis performed poorly, being able to identify only 38.5, 16.1, and 15.4% of mixed-genotype infections, respectively, that were detected by direct DNA sequencing. The prevalence of mixed-genotype infections detected by S-PSMEA was 7.9% (12 of 152 donors) among HCV-infected blood donors, 14.3% (15 of 105) among patients with chronic hepatitis C, and 17.1% (6 of 36) among thalassemia patients who had received multiple transfusions. The data lead us to conclude that HCV mixed-genotype infections are more common than previously estimated and that S-PSMEA may be the method of choice when detection of genotypes present at low levels in mixed-genotype infections is required due to its higher level of sensitivity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.38.8.2807-2813.2000","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,31]],"date-time":"2019-12-31T17:57:35Z","timestamp":1577815055000},"page":"2807-2813","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Comparison and Application of a Novel Genotyping Method, Semiautomated Primer-Specific and Mispair Extension Analysis, and Four Other Genotyping Assays for Detection of Hepatitis C Virus Mixed-Genotype Infections"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Yu-Wen","family":"Hu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Canadian Blood Services, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1G 4J51;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Evan","family":"Balaskas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Canadian Blood Services, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1G 4J51;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Milena","family":"Furione","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 2-->Servizio Di Virologia, I.R.C.C.S. Policlinico, San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy2; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pei-Hua","family":"Yen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Canadian Blood Services, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1G 4J51;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Garry","family":"Kessler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Canadian Blood Services, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1G 4J51;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vito","family":"Scalia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Canadian Blood Services, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1G 4J51;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Linda","family":"Chui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 3-->Microbiology and Public Health, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2J23"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Graham","family":"Sher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Canadian Blood Services, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1G 4J51;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510260711"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199908193410802"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.32.8.2031-2034.1994"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.34.11.2815-2818.1996"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-1007262"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/314708"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.34.10.2516-2521.1996"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1386-6532(99)00036-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.86.5.655"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.1996.tb01383.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/26.21.5013"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_13_2","first-page":"9B","article-title":"A sensitive genotyping assay, primer specific and mispair extension analysis (PSMEA) for detection of low levels of HIV-1 drug resistance mutants","volume":"10","author":"Hu Y. 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