{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T17:59:11Z","timestamp":1775152751059,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2001,1,1]],"date-time":"2001-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":978307200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Since 1990, the frequency of\n            <jats:italic>Neisseria meningitidis<\/jats:italic>\n            serogroup C (NMSC) outbreaks in the United States has increased. Based on multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (MEE), the current molecular subtyping standard, most of the NMSC outbreaks have been caused by isolates of several closely related electrophoretic types (ETs) within the ET-37 complex. We chose 66 isolates from four well-described NMSC outbreaks that occurred in the United States from 1993 to 1995 to evaluate the potential of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) to identify outbreak-related isolates specific for each of the four outbreaks and to differentiate between them and 50 sporadic isolates collected during the outbreak investigations or through active laboratory-based surveillance from 1989 to 1996. We tested all isolates collected during the outbreak investigations by four other molecular subtyping methods: MEE, ribotyping (\n            <jats:italic>Cla<\/jats:italic>\n            I), random amplified polymorphic DNA assay (two primers), and serotyping and serosubtyping. Among the 116 isolates, we observed 11 clusters of 39\n            <jats:italic>Nhe<\/jats:italic>\n            I PFGE patterns. Excellent correlation between the PFGE and the epidemiological data was observed, with an overall sensitivity of 85% and specificity of 71% at the 95% pattern relatedness breakpoint using either 1.5 or 1.0% tolerance. For all four analyzed outbreaks, PFGE would have given public health officials additional support in declaring an outbreak and making appropriate public health decisions.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.39.1.75-85.2001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,27]],"date-time":"2002-07-27T10:03:59Z","timestamp":1027764239000},"page":"75-85","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":66,"title":["Evaluation of Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis in Epidemiological Investigations of Meningococcal Disease Outbreaks Caused by\n            <i>Neisseria meningitidis<\/i>\n            Serogroup C"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Tanja","family":"Popovic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Meningitis and Special Pathogens Branch,1"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susanna","family":"Schmink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Meningitis and Special Pathogens Branch,1"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nancy A.","family":"Rosenstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Meningitis and Special Pathogens Branch,1"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gloria W.","family":"Ajello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Meningitis and Special Pathogens Branch,1"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael W.","family":"Reeves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Meningitis and Special Pathogens Branch,1"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Plikaytis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 2-->Biostatistics and Information Management Branch,2"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susan B.","family":"Hunter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 3-->Foodborne and Diarrheal Diseases Branch,3 and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Efrain M.","family":"Ribot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 3-->Foodborne and Diarrheal Diseases Branch,3 and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Boxrud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 4-->Minnesota Department of Health, Minneapolis, Minnesota4"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria L.","family":"Tondella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 5-->Respiratory Diseases Branch,5 Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chung","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Meningitis and Special Pathogens Branch,1"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Corie","family":"Noble","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Meningitis and Special Pathogens Branch,1"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Mothershed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Meningitis and Special Pathogens Branch,1"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Besser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 4-->Minnesota Department of Health, Minneapolis, Minnesota4"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bradley A.","family":"Perkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Meningitis and Special Pathogens Branch,1"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0966-842X(00)88918-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.32.12.3013-3017.1994"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.33.7.1784-1786.1995"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-138-3-523"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1699-0463.1998.tb01379.x"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Control and prevention of meningococcal disease and control and prevention of serogroup C meningococcal disease: evaluation and management of suspected outbreaks","volume":"46","author":"Centers for Disease Control and 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