{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T03:39:46Z","timestamp":1773286786050,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,1,1]],"date-time":"2002-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1009843200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>A LightCycler-based PCR protocol was developed which targets the<jats:italic>ospA<\/jats:italic>gene for the identification and quantification of the different<jats:italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>sensu lato species in culture and in ticks, based on the use of a fluorescently labeled probe (HybProbe) and an internally labeled primer. The detection limit of the PCR was 1 to 10 spirochetes. A melting temperature determined from the melting curve of the amplified product immediately after thermal cycling allowed the differentiation of the three different<jats:italic>B. burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>sensu lato genospecies (<jats:italic>B. burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>sensu stricto,<jats:italic>Borrelia garinii<\/jats:italic>, and<jats:italic>Borrelia afzelii<\/jats:italic>) that are clinically relevant in Europe in a single PCR run. This method represents a simplified approach to study the association of different<jats:italic>Borrelia<\/jats:italic>species in ticks, the risk of Lyme borreliosis, and the putatively species-specific clinical sequelae. To determine the reliability of the real-time PCR protocol, we studied the prevalence of<jats:italic>B. burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>sensu lato infection in<jats:italic>Ixodes ricinus<\/jats:italic>ticks. A total of 1,055 ticks were collected by flagging vegetation in five different sites in the region of Konstanz (south Germany) and were examined for the distribution of<jats:italic>B. burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>species by real-time PCR. The mean infection rate was 35%. Of 548 adult ticks, 40% were positive, and of 507 nymphs, 30% were positive. The predominant genospecies (with 18% mixed infections) in the examined areas was<jats:italic>B. afzelii<\/jats:italic>(53%), followed by<jats:italic>B. garinii<\/jats:italic>(18%) and<jats:italic>B. burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>sensu stricto (11%); 0.8% of the infecting<jats:italic>Borrelia<\/jats:italic>could not be identified.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.40.1.36-43.2002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,27]],"date-time":"2002-07-27T10:06:23Z","timestamp":1027764383000},"page":"36-43","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":76,"title":["Distribution of Clinically Relevant<i>Borrelia<\/i>Genospecies in Ticks Assessed by a Novel, Single-Run, Real-Time PCR"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Carolin","family":"Rauter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rainer","family":"Oehme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Landesgesundheitsamt Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Isabel","family":"Diterich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Engele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Hartung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00207713-42-3-378"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7043737"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","first-page":"583","volume":"28","year":"1996","unstructured":"Busch, U., C. 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