{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T02:42:48Z","timestamp":1773283368244,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,10,1]],"date-time":"2002-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1033430400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            The phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of\n            <jats:italic>Neisseria gonorrhoeae<\/jats:italic>\n            strains fluctuate over time both locally and globally, and highly discriminative and precise characterization of the strains is essential. Conventional characterization of\n            <jats:italic>N. gonorrhoeae<\/jats:italic>\n            strains for epidemiological purposes is mostly based on phenotypic methods, which have some inherent limitations. In the present study sequence analysis of\n            <jats:italic>porB1b<\/jats:italic>\n            gene sequences was used for examination of the genetic relationships among\n            <jats:italic>N. gonorrhoeae<\/jats:italic>\n            strains. Substantial genetic heterogeneity was identified in the\n            <jats:italic>porB<\/jats:italic>\n            genes of serovar IB-2 isolates (8.1% of the nucleotide sites were polymorphic) and serovar IB-3 isolates (5.2% of the nucleotide sites were polymorphic) as well as between isolates of different serovars. The highest degree of diversity was identified in the gene segments encoding the surface-exposed loops of the mature PorB protein. Phylogenetic analysis of the\n            <jats:italic>porB1b<\/jats:italic>\n            gene sequences confirmed previous findings that have indicated the circulation of one\n            <jats:italic>N. gonorrhoeae<\/jats:italic>\n            strain each of serovar IB-2 and serovar IB-3 in the Swedish community. These strains caused the majority of the cases in two domestic core groups comprising homosexual men and young heterosexuals, respectively, and were also detected in other patients. The phylogenetic analyses of\n            <jats:italic>porB<\/jats:italic>\n            gene sequences in the present study showed congruence, but not complete identity, with previous results obtained by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of the same isolates. In conclusion,\n            <jats:italic>porB<\/jats:italic>\n            gene sequencing can be used as a molecular epidemiological tool for examination of genetic relationships among emerging and circulating\n            <jats:italic>N. gonorrhoeae<\/jats:italic>\n            strains, as well as for confirmation or discrimination of clusters of gonorrhea cases.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.40.10.3741-3749.2002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,9,28]],"date-time":"2002-09-28T00:04:10Z","timestamp":1033171450000},"page":"3741-3749","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Molecular Epidemiology of\n            <i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae<\/i>\n            : Sequence Analysis of the\n            <i>porB<\/i>\n            Gene Confirms Presence of Two Circulating Strains"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Magnus","family":"Unemo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Reference Laboratory for Pathogenic Neisseria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Per","family":"Olce\u0301n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Reference Laboratory for Pathogenic Neisseria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Torsten","family":"Berglund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Epidemiology, Karolinska Institute"},{"name":"Unit for Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease Control, Solna, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Albert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Virology, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge University Hospital, Stockholm"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hans","family":"Fredlund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Reference Laboratory for Pathogenic Neisseria"},{"name":"Unit for Infectious Disease Control, Department of Clinical Microbiology, O\u0308rebro University Hospital, O\u0308rebro"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007435-200102000-00009"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/0956462021924730"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.61.6.2273-2276.1993"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.84.24.9084"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-8191(98)00002-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.1998.tb12981.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-143-4-1415"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.67.5.2406-2413.1999"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1558-5646.1985.tb00420.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","unstructured":"Felsenstein J. 1993. 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