{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T03:57:36Z","timestamp":1777348656357,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,12,1]],"date-time":"2002-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1038700800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Urine PCR has been used for the diagnosis of\n            <jats:italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>\n            infection in recent years but has been abandoned because of its low sensitivity and the irreproducibility of the results. Our study aimed to analyze technical details related to sample preparation and detection methods. Crucial for a successful urine PCR were (i) avoidance of the first morning urine sample; (ii) centrifugation at 36,000 \u00d7\n            <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>\n            ; and (iii) the extraction method, with only DNAzol of the seven different extraction methods used yielding positive results with patient urine specimens. Furthermore, storage of frozen urine samples at \u221280\u00b0C reduced the sensitivity of a positive urine PCR result obtained with samples from 72 untreated erythema migrans (EM) patients from 85% in the first 3 months to &lt;30% after more than 3 months. Bands were detected at 276 bp on ethidium bromide-stained agarose gels after amplification by a nested PCR. The specificity of bands for 32 of 33 samples was proven by hybridization with a GEN-ETI-K-DEIA kit and for a 10 further positive amplicons by sequencing. By using all of these steps to optimize the urine PCR technique,\n            <jats:italic>B. burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>\n            infection could be diagnosed by using urine samples from EM patients with a sensitivity (85%) substantially better than that of serological methods (50%). This improved method could be of future importance as an additional laboratory technique for the diagnosis of unclear, unrecognized borrelia infections and diseases possibly related to Lyme borreliosis.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.40.12.4581-4584.2002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,11,26]],"date-time":"2002-11-26T22:43:39Z","timestamp":1038350619000},"page":"4581-4584","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Importance of Sample Preparation for Molecular Diagnosis of Lyme Borreliosis from Urine"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"A. R.","family":"Bergmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Karl Franzens University Hospital, A-8036 Graz"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B. L.","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Lainz Hospital, Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.-M.","family":"Derler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Karl Franzens University Hospital, A-8036 Graz"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Aberer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Karl Franzens University Hospital, A-8036 Graz"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.135.2.210"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.36.9.2658-2665.1998"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.59.1.269-278.1991"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(99)80097-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.32.9.2312-2314.1994"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.39.5.1788-1790.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.30.7.1646-1653.1992"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00066982-200005020-00007"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.3.5.301"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199401273300401"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","first-page":"2023","volume":"333","year":"2001","unstructured":"Nowakowski, J., I. Schwartz, D. Liveris, G. Wang, M. E. Aguero-Rosenfeld, G. Girao, D. McKenna, R. B. Nadelmann, L. F. Cavaliere, and G. P. Wormser. 2001. Laboratory diagnostic techniques for patients with early Lyme disease associated with erythema migrans: a comparison of different techniques. Clin. Infect. Dis.333:2023-2027.","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.30.1.99-114.1992"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0934-8840(11)80402-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.35.3.685-690.1997"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0732-8893(95)00027-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","first-page":"1359","volume":"4","year":"1996","unstructured":"Schmidt, B. L., R. R. Muellegger, C. Stockenhuber, H. P. Soyer, S. Hoedl, S., A. Luger, and H. Kerl. 1996. Detection of Borrelia burgdorferi-specific DNA in urine specimens from patients with erythema migrans before and after antibiotic therapy. J. Clin. Microbiol.4:1359-1363.","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.10.1.185"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(200111)44:11<2679::AID-ART447>3.0.CO;2-C"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","first-page":"741","volume":"108","year":"1996","unstructured":"Stanek, G., S. O. O'Conell, M. Cimmino, E. Aberer, W. Kristoferitsch, M. Granstr\u00f6m, E. Guy, and J. Gray. 1996. European concerted action of risk assessment in Lyme borreliosis: clinical case definitions for Lyme borreliosis. Wien. Klin. Wochenschr.108:741-747.","journal-title":"Wien. Klin. Wochenschr."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.36.7.2117-2119.1998"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","unstructured":"Wilske B. L. Zoeller V. Brade H. Eiffert U. B. Goebel G. Stanek and H. W. Pfister. 2001. MiQ 12 20 Lyme Borreliose. Qualit\u00e4tsstandards in der mikrobiologisch-infektiologischen Diagnostik p. 23-25. Urban & Fischer Munich Germany."}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/JCM.40.12.4581-4584.2002","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/JCM.40.12.4581-4584.2002","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,5]],"date-time":"2022-03-05T01:24:47Z","timestamp":1646443487000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/JCM.40.12.4581-4584.2002"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2002,12]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/JCM.40.12.4581-4584.2002"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jcm.40.12.4581-4584.2002","relation":{},"ISSN":["0095-1137","1098-660X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0095-1137","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-660X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2002,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2002-07-02","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2002-09-24","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2002-12-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}