{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T15:57:06Z","timestamp":1767887826961,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,4,1]],"date-time":"2002-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1017619200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            The laccase enzyme and melanin synthesis have been implicated as contributors to virulence in\n            <jats:italic>Cryptococcus neoformans<\/jats:italic>\n            . Since isolations of\n            <jats:italic>Cryptococcus<\/jats:italic>\n            species other than\n            <jats:italic>C.<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:italic>neoformans<\/jats:italic>\n            from clinical specimens have been increasing, we examined the laccase activities of\n            <jats:italic>C. albidus<\/jats:italic>\n            ,\n            <jats:italic>C. laurentii<\/jats:italic>\n            ,\n            <jats:italic>C. curvatus<\/jats:italic>\n            , and\n            <jats:italic>C. humicola<\/jats:italic>\n            . Incubation of cells with epinephrine produced adrenochrome color in\n            <jats:italic>C. albidus<\/jats:italic>\n            ,\n            <jats:italic>C. laurentii<\/jats:italic>\n            , and\n            <jats:italic>C. curvatus<\/jats:italic>\n            but not in\n            <jats:italic>C. humicola<\/jats:italic>\n            . Activity was always less than in\n            <jats:italic>C. neoformans<\/jats:italic>\n            . Laccase was detected in the soluble fractions of disrupted\n            <jats:italic>C. albidus<\/jats:italic>\n            ,\n            <jats:italic>C. laurentii<\/jats:italic>\n            , and\n            <jats:italic>C. curvatus<\/jats:italic>\n            cells. Activity staining of partially purified enzyme after nondenaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed that laccases from\n            <jats:italic>C. albidus<\/jats:italic>\n            ,\n            <jats:italic>C. laurentii<\/jats:italic>\n            , and\n            <jats:italic>C. curvatus<\/jats:italic>\n            migrated more slowly than that from\n            <jats:italic>C. neoformans<\/jats:italic>\n            . One strain of\n            <jats:italic>C. curvatus<\/jats:italic>\n            exhibited two melanin bands. Thus, several clinically emerging\n            <jats:italic>Cryptococcus<\/jats:italic>\n            species express laccase and can synthesize melanin.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.40.4.1214-1218.2002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,27]],"date-time":"2002-07-27T09:59:40Z","timestamp":1027763980000},"page":"1214-1218","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"title":["Laccase and Melanization in Clinically Important\n            <i>Cryptococcus<\/i>\n            Species Other than\n            <i>Cryptococcus<\/i>\n            <i>neoformans<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Reiko","family":"Ikeda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Sugita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eric S.","family":"Jacobson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Service, McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia 23249"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298-0049"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takako","family":"Shinoda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.py.24.090186.002211"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1369-5274(00)00103-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","first-page":"145","year":"1998","unstructured":"Casadevall, A., and J. 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