{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T06:20:27Z","timestamp":1791354027507,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,4,1]],"date-time":"2002-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1017619200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            In order to investigate the possible role of\n            <jats:italic>Ixodes ricinus<\/jats:italic>\n            as a vector of zoonotic\n            <jats:italic>Babesia microti<\/jats:italic>\n            infection in Europe, a European rodent isolate (HK) and a zoonotic American isolate (GI) were studied in transmission experiments. PCR detected\n            <jats:italic>B. microti<\/jats:italic>\n            in the blood and spleens of infected gerbils (\n            <jats:italic>Meriones unguiculatus<\/jats:italic>\n            ) and also in laboratory-induced infections of\n            <jats:italic>I. ricinus<\/jats:italic>\n            ticks.\n            <jats:italic>B. microti<\/jats:italic>\n            DNA was detected by PCR in all pooled samples of nymphs and the majority of adults that had fed as larvae and nymphs, respectively, on gerbils with acute infection of the European isolate, confirming that\n            <jats:italic>I. ricinus<\/jats:italic>\n            could serve as a vector in Europe. The American isolate, GI, proved to be equally infective for larval and nymphal\n            <jats:italic>I. ricinus<\/jats:italic>\n            as the HK strain, despite a very different appearance in gerbil erythrocytes. Nymphs infected with the HK and GI strains readily infected gerbils. In contrast to the finding in acute infections, ticks that fed on gerbils with chronic infections of HK and GI did not become infected. It was also found that the HK strain was not transmitted transovarially. The finding that a\n            <jats:italic>B. microti<\/jats:italic>\n            strain (GI) from a distant geographical region (United States) can infect and be transmitted by\n            <jats:italic>I. ricinus<\/jats:italic>\n            suggests that other European\n            <jats:italic>B. microti<\/jats:italic>\n            strains, in addition to the HK strain used here, are probably infective for\n            <jats:italic>I. ricinus<\/jats:italic>\n            , supporting the view that infection of humans with European\n            <jats:italic>B. microti<\/jats:italic>\n            may be a regular occurrence.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.40.4.1259-1263.2002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,27]],"date-time":"2002-07-27T09:59:40Z","timestamp":1027763980000},"page":"1259-1263","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":106,"title":["Transmission Studies of\n            <i>Babesia microti<\/i>\n            in\n            <i>Ixodes ricinus<\/i>\n            Ticks and Gerbils"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Jeremy","family":"Gray","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Resource Management, Faculty of Agriculture, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lars Victor","family":"von Stedingk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska Hospital, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mikael","family":"Gu\u0308rtelschmid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska Hospital, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Granstro\u0308m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska Hospital, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.39.9.3395-3397.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1006241108739"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","first-page":"323","volume":"79","year":"1991","unstructured":"Gray, J. 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