{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T00:38:13Z","timestamp":1793234293497,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,6,1]],"date-time":"2002-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1022889600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Therapeutic options for infections caused by gram-negative organisms expressing plasmid-mediated AmpC \u03b2-lactamases are limited because these organisms are usually resistant to all the \u03b2-lactam antibiotics, except for cefepime, cefpirome, and the carbapenems. These organisms are a major concern in nosocomial infections and should therefore be monitored in surveillance studies. Six families of plasmid-mediated AmpC \u03b2-lactamases have been identified, but no phenotypic test can differentiate among them, a fact which creates problems for surveillance and epidemiology studies. This report describes the development of a multiplex PCR for the purpose of identifying family-specific AmpC \u03b2-lactamase genes within gram-negative pathogens. The PCR uses six sets of\n                    <jats:italic>ampC<\/jats:italic>\n                    -specific primers resulting in amplicons that range from 190 bp to 520 bp and that are easily distinguished by gel electrophoresis.\n                    <jats:italic>ampC<\/jats:italic>\n                    multiplex PCR differentiated the six plasmid-mediated\n                    <jats:italic>ampC<\/jats:italic>\n                    -specific families in organisms such as\n                    <jats:italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Proteus mirabilis<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>Salmonella enterica<\/jats:italic>\n                    serovar Typhimurium. Family-specific primers did not amplify genes from the other families of\n                    <jats:italic>ampC<\/jats:italic>\n                    genes. Furthermore, this PCR-based assay differentiated multiple genes within one reaction. In addition, WAVE technology, a high-pressure liquid chromatography-based separation system, was used as a way of decreasing analysis time and increasing the sensitivity of multiple-gene assays. In conclusion, a multiplex PCR technique was developed for identifying family-specific\n                    <jats:italic>ampC<\/jats:italic>\n                    genes responsible for AmpC \u03b2-lactamase expression in organisms with or without a chromosomal AmpC \u03b2-lactamase gene.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.40.6.2153-2162.2002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,27]],"date-time":"2002-07-27T06:09:29Z","timestamp":1027750169000},"page":"2153-2162","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1313,"title":["Detection of Plasmid-Mediated AmpC \u03b2-Lactamase Genes in Clinical Isolates by Using Multiplex PCR"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"F. Javier","family":"Pe\u0301rez-Pe\u0301rez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Research in Anti-Infectives and Biotechnology, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska"},{"name":"Department of Immunology, Microbiology, and Parasitology, Basque Country University, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nancy D.","family":"Hanson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Research in Anti-Infectives and Biotechnology, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.42.9.2352"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3349\/ymj.1998.39.6.520"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.40.1.221"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.44.9.2549-2553.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.41.3.563"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/319610"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.38.4.1339-1346.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","first-page":"459","volume":"173","year":"1999","unstructured":"Caroff, N., E. Espaze, I. Berard, H. Richet, and A. Reynaud. 1999. Mutations in the ampC promoter of Escherichia coli isolates resistant to oxyiminocephalosporins without extended spectrum beta-lactamase production. FEMS Microbiol. Lett.173:459-465.","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Lett."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/47.2.207"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.38.5.1182"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.40.7.1736"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s100960000386"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.44.6.1470-1478.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.44.11.3220-3223.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.38.9.2150"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612805666230112191507","volume":"5","year":"1999","unstructured":"Hanson, N. D., and C. C. Sanders. 1999. Regulation of inducible AmpC beta-lactamase expression among Enterobacteriaceae. Curr. Pharm. Des.5:881-894.","journal-title":"Curr. Pharm. Des."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/44.3.377"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1986.tb04704.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-1119(94)90529-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1982.tb01263.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.42.2.464"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.36.9.2575-2579.1998"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.44.11.3137-3143.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.43.4.957"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.34.11.2200"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/29.6.629"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.45.11.3189-3194.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.39.7.2379-2385.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.38.2.570-574.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clind\/15.5.824"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-8579(01)00351-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.39.9.3193-3196.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.39.8.2864-2872.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0702.010238"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.36.9.1877"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.35.5.1001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1286-4579(00)01276-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.38.9.2207"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.37.7.2388-2388.1999"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.44.1.222-225.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","first-page":"235","volume":"169","year":"1998","unstructured":"Verdet, C., G. Arlet, S. Ben Redjeb, A. Ben Hassen, P. H. Lagrange, and A. Philippon. 1998. Characterisation of CMY-4, an AmpC-type plasmid-mediated beta-lactamase in a Tunisian clinical isolate of Proteus mirabilis. FEMS Microbiol. Lett.169:235-240.","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Lett."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.44.10.2777-2783.2000"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/JCM.40.6.2153-2162.2002","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/JCM.40.6.2153-2162.2002","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,23]],"date-time":"2023-04-23T12:05:15Z","timestamp":1682251515000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/JCM.40.6.2153-2162.2002"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2002,6]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/JCM.40.6.2153-2162.2002"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jcm.40.6.2153-2162.2002","relation":{},"ISSN":["0095-1137","1098-660X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0095-1137","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-660X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2002,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2001-12-11","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2002-03-14","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2002-06-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}