{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T17:12:09Z","timestamp":1792516329055,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,1]],"date-time":"2002-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1025481600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Current zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis (ZVL) control programs in Brazil include the culling of\n            <jats:italic>Leishmania infantum-<\/jats:italic>\n            infected reservoir dogs, a strategy that has failed to prevent a rise of canine and human ZVL cases over the past decade. One of the main reasons this strategy has failed is because of a long delay between sample collection, sample analysis, and control implementation. A rapid, sensitive, and specific diagnostic tool would be highly desirable, because it would allow control interventions to be implemented in situ. We compared an immunochromatographic dipstick test to enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and PCR for detecting\n            <jats:italic>L. infantum<\/jats:italic>\n            infections in dogs from an area of ZVL endemicity in Brazil. The dipstick test was shown to have 61 to 75% specificity and 72 to 77% sensitivity, compared to 100% specificity for both ELISA and PCR and 71 to 88% and 51 to 64% sensitivity for ELISA and PCR, respectively. Of the field samples tested, 92 of 175 (53%), 65 of 175 (37%), and 47 of 175 (27%) were positive by dipstick, ELISA, and PCR, respectively. The positive and negative predictive values for the tested dipstick were 58 to 77% and 75%, respectively. Efforts should be made to develop a more specific dipstick test for diagnosis of leishmaniasis, because they may ultimately prove more cost-effective than currently used diagnostic tests when used in mass-screening surveys.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.40.7.2352-2356.2002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,28]],"date-time":"2002-07-28T23:07:23Z","timestamp":1027897643000},"page":"2352-2356","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":84,"title":["Rapid Detection of\n            <i>Leishmania infantum<\/i>\n            Infection in Dogs: Comparative Study Using an Immunochromatographic Dipstick Test, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, and PCR"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Richard","family":"Reithinger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rupert J.","family":"Quinnell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruce","family":"Alexander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Pesquisas Re\u0301ne\u0301 Rachou, FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clive R.","family":"Davies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","first-page":"389","volume":"28","year":"1998","unstructured":"Altintas, N., A. 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